626 EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895 [ETH. ANN. 17 
stone! for use in hulling corn preparatory to grinding; others were of 
finer texture, and both kinds were accompanied by the corresponding 
mano or muller held in the hand in grinding meal. 
The modern Hopi often use as seats in their kivas cubical blocks 
of stone with depressions in two opposite sides which serve as hand- 
holds by which they are carried from place to place. Two of these 
stones, about a cubic foot in size, were taken out of the chamber 
which I have supposed to be the Awatobi kiva. In modern Tusayan 
these seats are commonly made of soft sandstone, and are so few in 
number that we can hardly regard them as common. They are often 
used to support the uprights of altars when they are erected, and I 
have seen priests grind pigments in the depressions. Incidentally, it 
nay be said that I have never seen priests use chairs in any kiva cele- 
bration; nor do they have boxes to sit upon. During the droning of 
the tedious songs they have nothing under them except a folded 
blanket or sheepskin. 
Excavations in the Awatobi rooms revealed several interesting shal- 
low mortars used for grinding pigments, but no one of these is com- 
parable in finish with that shown in the accompanying illustration 
(plate CLxx11, a). This object is made of a hard stone in the form of a 
perfect parallelopipedon with slightly rounded faces. The depression 
is Shallow, and when found there was a discoloration of pigment upon 
its surface. 
In aimost every house that bore evidence of former occupancy, beau- 
tifully made mullers and metates were exhumed. These were ordinarily 
in place in the corner of the chamber, and were much worn, as if by 
constant use. In one grave there was found a metate reversed over a 
skeleton, probably that of a woman—although the bones were so disin- 
tegrated that the determination of the sex of the individual was impos- 
sible. Several of these metates were taken by Indian women, who 
prized them so highly that they loaded the stones on burros and carried 
them ten miles to Walpi, where they are now applied to the same purpose 
for which they were used over two centuries ago. 
On the surface of the mesa, beyond the extension of the ground plan 
of the ruin, there are many depressions worn in the rocks where the 
Awatobi women formerly whetted their grinding stones, doubtless in 
the manner practiced by the modern villagers of Tusayan. These 
depressions are especially numerous near the edge of the cliff, between 
the eastern and western sections of the ruin.” 
1A single metate of lava or malpais was excavated at Awatobi. This object must have had a long 
journey before it reached the village, since none of the material from which it was made is found 
‘within many miles of the ruin. 
2 There are many fine pictographs, some of which are evidently ancient, on the cliffs of the Awatobi 
mesa. These are in no respect characteristic, and among them I have seen the awata (bow), 
honani (badger’s paw), teiia (snake), and omowzh (rain-cloud). On the side of the precipitous wall of 
the mesa south of the western mounds there is arow of small hemispherical depressions or pits, witha 
groove or line on one side. There is likewise, not far from this point, a realistic figure of a vulva, 
not very unlike the asha symbols on Thunder mountain, near Zuni. 
