FEWKES] CLAY AND COPPER BELLS COMPARED 29 
Arizonian ruins, are identical in form and make with those used by the 
ancient Nahuatl people. So far as the study of the antiquities of the 
ruins of Tusayan immediately about the inhabited towns has gone, we 
have no record of the finding of copper bells of any great age. It was, 
therefore, with considerable interest that I exhumed from one of the 
rooms of the westernmost or oldest section of Awatobi a clay bell (fig- 
ure 261) made in exact imitation of one of the copper bells that have 
been reported from several southern ruins (plate CLxxut1,«@). While 
it may be said that it would be more decisive evidence of the prehistoric 
character of this object if Awatobi had not been under Spanish influ- 
ence for over a century, still, from the position where it was dug up and 
its resemblance to metal bells which are undoubtedly prehistoric, there 
seems to be little reason to question its age. As with the imitation of 
marine shells in clay, it is probable that in this 
bell we have a facsimile of a metal bell with 
which the ancient Tusayan people were undoubt- 
edly familiar.! 
TEXTILE Faprics 
In the very earliest accounts which we have 
of Tusayan the Hopi are said to raise cotton and 
to weave it into mantles. These mantles, or 
“towels” as they were styled by Espejo, were, 
according to Castaneda, ornamented with em- 
broidery, and had tassels at the corners. In 
early times garments were made of the fiber of '"® eens terrae 
the maguey, and of feathers and rabbit skins. 
Fabrics made of animal fiber are mentioned by Friar Marcos de Niza, 
and he was told that the inhabitants of Totonteac obtained the 
material from which they were made from animals as large as the 
greyhounds which the father had with him. The historical references 
which can be mentioned to prove that the Tusayan people, when they 
were first visited, knew how to spin and weave are numerous, and 
need not be quoted here. That the people of Awatobi made cotton 
fabrics there is no doubt, for it is distinetly stated by early visitors 
that they were acquainted with the art of weaving, and some of the 
presents made to the first Spanish explorers were of native cotton. 
The archeological evidence supports the historical in this particular, 
and several fragments of cloth were found in our excavations in the west- 
ern mounds of the village. These fragments were of cotton and agave 
fiber, of cotton alone, and in one instance of the hair of some unknown 
animal. No signs of the famous rabbit-skin blankets were seen, and 
from the perishable nature of the material of which they were made it 
would be strange if any traces had been discovered. At Sikyatki a small 
1 Bells made of clay are not rare in modern Tusayan villages, and while their form is different from 
that of the Awatobi specimen, and the size larger, there seems no reason to doubt the antiquity of the 
specimen from the ruin of Antelope mesa. 
