642 EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895 (ETH. ANN. 17 
have good reason to suspect, they concealed while our backs were 
turned and, in a few instances, even before our eyes. 
The accompanying plan of Sikyatki (plate cxv1) shows that it was 
a rectangular ruin with an ineclosed plaza. It is evident that the 
ancient pueblo was built on a number of low hills and that the eastern 
portion was the highest. In this respect it resembled Awatobi, but 
apparently differed from the latter pueblo in having the inclosed plaza. 
In the same way it was unlike Walpi or the ancient and modern pueblos 
of Middle Mesa and Oraibi. In fact, there is no Tusayan ruin which 
resembles it in ground plan, except Payiipki, a Tanoan town of much 
later construction. The typical Tusayan form of architecture is the 
pyramidal, especially in the most ancient pueblos. The ground plan 
of Sikyatki is of a type more common in the eastern pueblo region 
and in those towns of Tusayan which were built by emigrants from 
the Rio Grande region. Sikyatki and some of the villages overlooking 
Antelope valley are of this type. 
In studying the ground plans of the three modern villages on East 
Mesa, the fact is noted that both Siehomoyi and Hano differ archi- 
tecturally from Walpi. The forms of the former smaller pueblos are 
primarily rectangular with an inclosed plaza in which is situated the 
kiva; Walpi, on the other hand, although furnished with a small plaza 
at the western end, has kivas located peripherally rather than in an 
open space between the highest house clusters. Sichomoyvi is con- 
sidered by the Hopi as like Zuni, and is sometimes called by the Hano 
people, Sionimone, “ Zuni court,” because to the Tewan mind it resembles 
Zuni; but the term is never applied to Walpi.' The distinction thus 
recognized is, I believe, architecturally valid. The inclosed court or 
plaza in Tusayan is an intrusion from the east, and as eastern colonists 
built both Hano and Sichomovi, they preserved the form to which they 
were accustomed. The Sikyatki builders drew their architectural 
inspiration likewise from the east, lience the inclosed court in the ruins 
of that village. 
The two most considerable house clusters of Sikyatki are at each end 
of a longer axis, connected by a narrow row of houses on the other 
sides. The western rows of houses face the plain, and were of one 
story, with a gateway at one point. The opposite row was more elevated, 
no doubt overlooking cultivated fields beyond the confines of the ruin. 
No kivas were discovered, but if such exist they ought to be found in 
the mass of houses at the southern end. I thought we had found ciren- 
lar rooms in that region, but cursory excavations did not demonstrate 
their existence. As there is no reason to suspect the existence of circu- 
lar kivas in ancient Tusayan, it would be difficult to decide whether or 
not any one of the large rectangular rooms was used for ceremonial 
purposes, for 1t is an interesting fact that some of the oldest secret 
1The Hano people call the Hopi Koco or Koso; the Santa Clara (also Tewa) people call them hoso, 
according to Hodge. 
