FEWKES] DIPPERS, SPOONS, AND LADLES 655 
Small and large ladles, with long handles, occurred in large numbers 
in Sikyatki graves, but there was little variation among them except in 
the forms of their handles. Many of these utensils were much worn by 
use, especially on the rim opposite the attachment of the handle, and 
in some specimens the handle itself had evidently been broken and 
the end rounded off by rubbing long before it was placed in the grave. 
From the comparatively solid character of the bowls of these dippers 
they were rarely fractured, and were commonly found to contain smaller 
mortuary objects, such as paint, arrowheads, or polishing stones. 
The ladles, unlike most of the cups, are generally decorated on the 
interior as well as on the exterior. Their handles vary in size and shape, 
are usually hollow, and sometimes are perforated at the end. In cer- 
tain specimens the extremity is prolonged into a pointed, recurved tip, 
and sometimes is coiled in a spiral. A groove in the upper surface of 
one example is an unusual variation, and a right-angle bend of the tip 
is a unique feature of another specimen. The Sikyatki potters, like 
their modern descendants,! sometimes ornamented the tip of a single 
handie with the head of an animal and painted the upper surface of 
the shaft with alternate parallel bars, zigzags, terraces, and frets. 
Several spoons or scoops of earthenware, which evidently had been 
used in much the same way as similar objects in the modern pueblos, 
were found. Some of these have the shape of a half gourd—a natural 
object which no doubt furnished the pattern. These spoons, as a rule, 
were not decorated, but on a single specimen bars and parallel lines 
may be detected. In the innovations of modern times pewter spoons 
serve the same purpose, and their form is sometimes imitated in earthen- 
ware. More often, in modern and probably also in ancient usage, a roll 
of paper-bread or piki served the same purpose, being dipped into the 
stew and then eaten with the fingers. Possibly the Sikyatkian drank 
from the hollow handle of a gourd ladle, as is frequently done in Walpi 
today, but he generally slaked his thirst by means of a clay substitute. 
Several box-like articles of pottery of both cream and red ware were 
found in the Sikyatki graves, some of them having handles, others 
being without them (plate Cxxv). They are ornamented on the exte- 
rior and on the rim, and the handle, when not lacking, is attached to the 
longer side of the rectangular vessel. Not a single bowl was found 
with a terraced rim, a feature so common in the medicine bowls of 
Tusayan at the present time.® 
'The modern potters commonly adorn the ends of ladle handles with heads of different mythologic 
beings in their pantheon. The knob-head priest-clowns are favorite personages to represent, although 
even the Corn-maid and different kateinas are also sometimes chosen for this purpose. The heads of 
various animals are likewise frequently found, some in artistic positions, others less so. 
*The clay ladles with perforated handles with which the modern Hopi sometimes drink are 
believed to be of late origin in Tusayan. 
*The oldest medicine bowls now in use ordinarily have handles and a terraced rim, but there are one 
or two important exceptions. In this connection it may be mentioned that, unlike the Zuni, the Hopi 
never use a clay bow] with a basket-like handle for sacred meal, but always carry the meal in basket 
trays. This the priests claim is a very old practice, and so far as niy observations go is confirmed 
by archeological evidence. The bowl with a basket-form handle is not found either in ancient or 
modern Tusayan. 
