660 EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895 [ETH. ANN. 17 
burial places and shrines still used. Moreover, it is probable—indeed, 
quite certain—that most of the portable objects were carried from the 
abandoned pueblo to the present village when the latter was founded; 
but the old cemeteries of Walpi contain many ancient mortuary bowls 
which, when exhumed, will doubtless contribute a most interesting 
chapter to the history of modern Tusayan decorative art. 
One of the largest, and, so far as form goes, one of the most unique 
vessels, is shown in plate cxxv1, b. This was not exhumed from 
Sikyatki, but was said to have been found in the vicinity of that ruin. 
While the ware is very old, I do not believe it is ancient, and it is intro- 
duced in order to show how cleverly ancient patterns may be simulated 
by more modern potters. The sole way in which modern imitations of 
ancient vessels may be distinguished is by the peculiar crackled or crazed 
surface which the former always has. This is due, I believe, to the method 
of firing and the unequal contraction or expansion of the slip employed. 
All modern imitations are covered with a white slip which, after firing, 
becomes crackled, a characteristic unknown to ancient ware. The most 
expert modern potter at Hast Mesa is Nampéo, a Tanoan woman who 
is a thorough artist in her line of work. Finding a better market for 
ancient than for modern ware, she cleverly copies old decorations, and 
imitates the Sikyatki ware almost perfectly. She knows where the 
Sikyatki potters obtained their clay, and uses it in her work. Almost 
any ILopi who has a bowl to sell will say that it is ancient, and care 
must always be exercised in accepting such claims. 
An examination of the ornamentation of the jar above referred to 
shows a series of birds drawn in the fashion common to early pottery 
decoration. This has led me to place this large vessel among the old 
ware, although the character of the pottery is different from that of 
the best examples found at Sikyatki. I believe this vessel was exhumed 
from a ruin of more modern date than Sikyatki. The woman who sold 
it to me has farming interests near Awatobi, which leads me to conjec- 
ture that she or possibly one of her ancestors found it at or near that 
ruin. She admitted that it had been in the possession of her family 
for some time, but that the story she had heard concerning it attributed 
its origin to Sikyatki. 
HUMAN FIGURES 
Very few figures of men or women are found on the pottery, and 
these are confined to the interior of food basins (plate cxx1x).!_ They 
are ordinarily very roughly drawn, apparently with less care and with 
much less detail than are the figures of animals. From their character 
I am led to the belief that the drawing of human figures on pottery 
was a late development in Tusayan art, and postdates the use of 
animal figures on their earthenware. There are, however, a few decora- 
1 The rarity of human figures on such kinds of pottery as are found in the oldest ruins would appear 
to indicate that decorations of this kind were alate development. No specimen of black-and-white 
ware on which pictures of human beings are present has yet been figured. The seauence of evolution 
in designs 1s believed to be (1) geometrical figures, (2) birds, (3) other animals, (4) human beings. 
