FEWKES] CROSSES, TERRACED FIGURES, AND CROOKS 703 
line with round spots at intervals adorns the specimen shown in plate 
CLXI, a. Parallel lines with similar spots appear on the vessel illus- 
trated in plate CLXx1, e, and a network of the same is shown in / of the 
sane plate. Plate CLXvII, b, represents a compound star. 
While simple swasticas are not found on any of the Sikyatki pottery, 
modified and compound forms are well represented. There are several 
specimens of figures of the Maltese cross, and one closely approximat- 
ing the Saint Andrew’s cross. It is scarcely necessary to say that the 
presence of the various kinds of crosses do not necessarily indicate the 
influence of Semitic or Aryan races, for I have already shown! that 
even cross-Shape prayer-sticks were in use among the Pueblos when 
Coronado first visited them. 
TERRACED FIGURES 
Among the most common of all geometric designs on ancient Tusayan 
pottery none excel in variety or number those which I place in the 
above group. They form the major part of all decoration, and there is 
hardly a score of ornamented vessels in which they can not be detected. 
In a typical form they appear as stepped designs, rectangular figures 
with diagonals continuous, or as triangular designs with steps repre- 
sented along their sides. 
While it is probable that in some instances these figures are simply 
decorative, with no attempt at symbolism, in other cases without doubt 
they symbolize rain-clouds, and the same figures are still used with sim- 
ilar intent in modern ceremonial paraphernalia—altars, mask-tablets, 
and the like. Decorative modifications of this figure were no doubt 
adopted by artistic potters, thus giving varieties where the essential 
meaning has been much obscured or lost. 
THE CROOK 
Among the forms of geometric designs on ancient Tusayan pottery 
there are many jars, bowls, and other objects on which a crook, vari- 
ously modified, is the essential type. This figure is so constant that it 
must have had a symbolic as well as a decorative meaning. The creok 
plays an important part in the modern ritual, and is prominent on 
many Tusayan altars. Around the sand picture of the rain-cloud, for 
example, we find a row of wooden rods with curved ends, and in the 
public Snake dance these are carried by participants called the Ante- 
lopes. A crook in the form of a staff to which an ear of corn and sev- 
eral feathers are attached is borne by katcinas or masked participants 
in certain rain dances. It is held in the hand by a personage who flogs 
the children when they are initiated into certain religious societies. 
Tusayan are attributed to the Kawaika or Keres group of Indians, and as they were seen at the Ker- 
esan pueblo of Acoma in 1540, it is probable that they are derivative among the Hopi; but simple cross 
decorations on ancient pottery were probably autochthonous. 
