730 EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895 [ETH. ANN. 17 
the sun in certain rites called Powalawt; the crystal is also used in 
divining, and for other purposes, and is highly prized by modern 
Tusayan priests. 
A botryoidal fragment of hematite found in a grave reminds me that in 
the so-called Antelope rock! at Walpi, around which the Snake dancers 
biennially carry reptiles in their mouths, there is in one side a niche in 
which is placed a much larger mass of that material, to which prayers 
are addressed on certain ceremonial occasions, and upon which sacred 
meal and prayer emblems are placed. 
One or two mortuary bowls contained fragments of stalactites appar- 
ently from the Grand canyon of the Colorado or from some other 
locality where water is or has been abundant. 
The loose shaly deposit which underlies the Tusayan mesas contains 
many cephalopod fossils, a collection of which was made in former 
years and deposited in the National Museum. Among these the most 
beautiful are small cephalopods called by the Hopi, koaitcoko. Among 
the many sacred objects in the tipont baskets of the Lalakonti society, 
as described in my account? of the unwrapping of that fetish, there 
was a specimen of this ammonite; that the shell was preserved in this 
sacred bundle is sufficient proof that it is highly venerated. As a 
natural object with a definite form it is regarded as a fetish which is 
looked upon with reverence by the knowing ones and pronounced bad 
by the uninitiated. The occurrence of this fossil in one of the mortuary 
bowls is in harmony with the same idea and shows that it was regarded 
in a similar light by the ancient occupants of Sikyatki. 
But the resemblance of these aud other stones to animal fossils’ is 
not always so remote as in the instances above mentioned. There was 
in one grave a single large fetish of a mountain lion, made of sand- 
stone (plate CLXX11, b,c), in which legs, ears, tail, and eyes are repre- 
sented, and the mouth still retains the red pigment with which it was 
colored, although there was no sign of paint on other parts of the 
body. This fetish is very similar to the one found at Awatobi, and is 
identical in form with those made by the Hopi at the present time. 
It was customary to bury in Sikyatki graves plates or fragments of 
selenite or mica, some of which are perforated as if for suspension, 
while others are in plain sheets (plate CLXIX, ¢). 
Among the stone implements used as mortuary offerings which were 
found in the cemeteries, was oue made of the same fine lithographic 
limestone as the so-called teamahia (plate CLXXI, g) which oceur on the 
Antelope altar in the Snake ceremonies. The exceptional character of 
this fragment is instructive, and its resemblance to the finely polished 
stone hoes found in other ruins is very suggestive. 
There were found many disk-shape stones, pecked on the periphery 
as if used in grinding pigment or in bruising seeds, and spheroidal 
! This pillar, so conspicuous in all photographs of Walpi, is commonly called the Snake rock. 
2American Anthropologist, April, 1892. 
31 tailed to ind out how the Hopi regard fossils. 
