FEWKES] ARTICLES OF ADORNMENT—PIPES 733 
in the province of Tusayan, so that the probability is that these frag- 
ments had been brought a considerable distance before they were buried 
in the earth that now covers the dead of the ancient pueblos. 
NECKLACES, GORGETS, AND OTHER ORNAMENTS 
The Sikyatki people buried their dead adorned with necklaces and 
other ornaments as when living. The materials most highly prized for 
necklaces were turquois and shell which were fashioned into beads, 
some of which were finely made. These necklaces did not difter from 
those now worn, and the shells employed were mostly marine varieties 
of the genus Pectunculus. The turquois beads are often as finely cut as 
any now worn, and their presence in the graves led to the only serious 
trouble which I had with my native workmen, as they undoubtedly 
appropriated many which were found. Some of these turquois beads are 
simply flat fragments, perforated at one end, others are well formed. 
Many skeletons had a single turquois near the mastoid process of the 
skull, showing that they had been worn as ear pendants. On the neck 
of one skeleton we found a necklace of many strands, composed of seg- 
ments of the leg bones of the turkey, stained green. There were other 
specimens of necklaces made of turkey bones, which were smoothly 
finished and apparently had not been stained. 
Necklaces of perforated cedar berries were likewise found, some of 
them still hanging about the necks of the dead, and in one instance, a 
small saucer-like vessel (plate Cxx, d) was filled with beads of this kind, 
as if the necklace had thus been deposited in the grave as a votive 
offering. 
For gorgets the Sikyatki people apparently prized slabs of lignite 
(plate CLXxII, d) and plates of selenite. It was likewise customary to 
make small clay imitations of birds and shells for this and for other 
ornamental purposes; these, for the most part, however, were not found 
in the graves, but were picked up on the surface or in the débris within 
the rooms. 
The three forms imitating birds shown in plate CLxx1m, g, h, i, are 
rude in character, and one of them is crossed by a black line from 
which depend parallel lines, representing falling rain; all of these 
specimens have a perforated knot on the under side for suspension, as 
shown in the figure between them. 
The forms of imitations of shells, in clay, of which examples are shown 
in plate CLXxmI, j, k, /, are rude in character; they are often painted 
with longitudinal or vertical black lines, and have a single or double 
perforation for suspension. The shell imitated is probably the young 
Pectunculus, a Pacific-coast mollusk, with which the ancient Hopi were 
familiar. 
TOBACCO PIPES 
I have elsewhere mentioned that every modern Tusayan ceremony 
opens and closes with a ceremonial smoke, and it is apparent that pipes 
were highly prized by the ancient Sikyatkians. 
