134 EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895 [ETH. ANN. 17 
The form of pipe used in most ceremonials today has a bow] with its 
axis at right angles to the stem, but so far as I have studied ancient 
Pueblo pipes this form appears to be a modern innovation.! To deter- 
mine the probable ancient form of pipe, as indicated by the ritual, I 
will invite attention to one of the most archaic portions of the cere- 
monies about the altar of the Antelope priesthood, at the time of the 
Snake dance at Walpi:? 
“The songs then ceased, and Wi-ki sent Ké-tei to bring him a light. 
Ka-tei went out, and soon returned with a burning corncob, while all 
sat silently awaiting Wi-ki’s preparation for the great O-mow-th smoke, 
which was one of the most sacred acts performed by the Antelope 
priests in these ceremonials. 
“The wu-kd-tco-o is a huge, stemless pipe, which bas a large open- 
ing in the blunt end, and a smaller one in the pointed. It is five 
inches long, one inch in diameter at the large aperture, and its great- 
est circumference is seven and a half inches. The pipe is made of 
some black material, possibly stone, and as far as could be seen was 
not ornamented. The bowl had previously been filled with leaves 
carefully gathered from such places as are designated by tradition. 
In the subsequent smokes the ashes, “dottle,” were saved, being 
placed in a small depression in the floor, but were not again put in the 
pipe. 
““Wi-ki took the live ember from Ka-tci and placed it in the large 
opening of the pipe, on the leaves which filled its cavity. He then 
knelt down and placed the pipe between the two ti-po-nis, so that the 
pointed end rested on the head of the large fetish, between the ears. 
Every one remained silent, and Wi-ki blew several dense clouds of 
smoke upon the sand altar, one after another, so that the picture was 
concealed. The smoke was made by blowing through the pipe, the fire 
being placed in the bow! next the mouth, and the whole larger end of 
the pipe was taken into the mouth at each exhalation. 
“At the San Juan pueblo, near Santa Fé, where I stopped on my 
way to Tusayan, I purchased a ceremonial headdress upon which sey- 
eral spruce twigs were tied. Wi-ki received some fragments of these 
with gratitude, and they formed one of the ingredients which were 
smoked in the great 6-mow uh pipe. The scent of the mixture was 
very fragrant, and filled the room, like incense. The production of this 
great smoke-cloud, which is supposed to rise to the sky, and later 
bring the rain, ended the first series of eight songs. 
“Immediately after this event, Ha ha-we filled one of the small- 
stemmed pipes lying near the fireplace with native tobacco, and after 
lighting it puffed smoke on the altar. He passed the pipe to Wi-ki, 
holding it near the floor, bowl foremost, as he did so, and exchanging 
the customary terms of relationship. Wi-ki then blew dense clouds of 
'The tubular form of pipe was almost universal in the pueblo area, and I have deposited in the 
National Museum pipes of this kind from several ruins in the Rio Grande valley. 
2 Journal of Americzan Ethnology and Archeology, vol. 1v, pp. 31, 32, 33. 
