ILLINOIS STATE BBE-KUEPiEIRS' ASSOCL^TION 



21 



ing, when no bees are flying. Keep the 

 queen in this box for 2i4 to 48 hours, al- 

 lowing the bees to fly in and out as 

 they please. Next take a clean hive, 

 with good, healthy combs or founda- 

 tion, and shake bees into it, letting tbe 

 queen go, andi they will be free from 

 disease. The old combs are melted 

 into wax, bringing same to a good 

 boil. Often washing with boiling 

 water any hives or implements that 

 might contain disease. Wherever 

 strictly followed, this has effected a 

 cure." — 'C. Wilcox, Emery Co., Utah. 



Pickled Brood. 



Some seasons pickled brood is quite 

 bad among bees, and in a few cases 

 I have known it to reduce large colo- 

 nies, even large apiaries, to doubtful 

 hiopes^Jbut those same colonies, after 

 I/^ave tlhem treatment, were in a 

 lonth free fromi disease. Some- 

 times It takes as careful handling as if 

 foul brood. I do not believe it is con- 

 tagious, for all I have seen 60 colonies 

 in one apiary badly reduced by it. As 

 an experiment, one of my out-apiaries 

 had '50 colonies at one time with 

 pickled brood. I treated them, and all 

 w«re soon free firom dead brood. At 

 the same time I took ten of the worst 

 brood-combs, where at least two-thirds 

 of the brood were dead, and placed 

 these oombs in other strong, healthy 

 colonies. They at once cleaned out 

 the dead' brood, and reared as nice 

 brood as one could ask for. , 



Symptoms. 



The larval bees (in last of May and 

 tlbrough June) show light brown spots ; 

 a little later the cappings have small 

 holes in — the cappings are not sh.runk- 

 en or dark colored, as in foul brood. 

 The dead bee will be first swollen, 

 with a black head, dried to a hard 

 bunch, and often turned up — China- 

 man-shoe-like. The skin of the dead 

 bee is quite tough, and, if punctured, 

 the thin, watery fluid of the body will 

 flow as freely as water, often a little 

 yellow or brownish colored from the 

 dissolved pollen from tihe abdomen of 

 the bee. It has very little or no smell; 

 does not at any time stick to the walls 

 of the comib; is easily pulled out of the 

 cell; is never ropy or sticky, and, if 

 the colony is properly cared for, the 

 bees will take care oifl themselves. 

 Plenty of liquid, unsealed honey and 

 pollen near the brood, and hives so 

 protected as t« keep the bees and 



brood comfortaJble on cold days and 

 nights. 



Never put bees on old black brood- 

 combs, or those with dead broods in; 

 better make wax of the combs, and 

 give the Ibees full sheets of brood- 

 oomb foundation. 



/ Treatment. 



Keep all colonies strong, -with plenty 

 of unsealed honey near the brood, and 

 if hives are properly sheltered, so as to 

 be warm on cold days and nights, there 

 will be little or no pickled brood. If 

 the queen is old, shows signs of weak- 

 ness by putting several eggs in one 

 brood- cell and nursing several others, 

 so that the brood is patchy, I would, 

 kill such a queen, feed the ibees a lit- 

 tle, and, when queen-cells are started, 

 remove them all and give them a 

 queen and bees, between t-wo of her 

 own brood- combs from a hive where 

 she ihas lived. I do not think pickled 

 brood is often the fault of the queen, 

 but rather a lack of proper food and 

 heat in the hive. In most cases, a 

 shortage of liquid honeiy, or moldy 

 pollen, even in hives with plenty of 

 sealed honey in the outer 'Oombs. There 

 is a time in spring in Wiscon^n, be- 

 tween dandelions and white clover 

 bloom, when there is no honey coming 

 in tfirom flowers, and often cold days 

 and nights, so itihat the live bees con- 

 sume the liquid, unsealed honey first, 

 and cluster in a compact body to keep 

 warm; the result often is the larval 

 bee, just changed from the egg to a 

 tender little grub, is either starved, 

 half-fed or chilled, so that it grows 

 slowly, and too often it dies, and then 

 it is we first notice this about the time 

 ■white clover honey begins to come in. 

 In other parts of the State, where 

 piokled brood appeared it was from the 

 same cause, and at other dates, which 

 was due to a difference of time of 

 honey Moom. 



Wherever I fed daily some honey, or 

 even sugar syrup, and kept the hive 

 warm, all dead brood soon disap- 

 peared while in the same apiaries 

 other colonies affected and not so 

 treated, continued for some time, but 

 got rid of it as soon as treated. 



Strong colonies of bees in the fall, 

 with a young laying queen, and an 

 abundance of good honey, sealed or 

 capped by the bees, if properly cared 

 for during "Winter, whether in the cel- 

 lar or 4n chaff hives, wintered out of 



