'.^'" 



I^T^W^'- 



liLIANOIS STATE BEE-KEEPEflRiS' ASSOCIATION 



89 



spring — ^and once I saw them where 

 they had plenty of honey, but short of 

 pollen; those 'bees became infected 

 much quicker than the others. 



Take it in a iMve where it is weak — 

 where the bees are in a discouraged 

 condition — that will take the disease 

 more readily than a strong colony. 



A colony that is very strong in num- 

 bers of bees, and has a vigorous queen, 

 and plenty of young bees — I don't think 

 they would take it. 



Dr. Miller — May I toe permitted to 

 interrupt Mr. Cavanagh just a minute 

 to emphasize that point? 



A lot of young bees (underscore 

 that young) — I believe that is exceed- 

 ingly important. 



Mr. Howard — ^I believe one of the 

 right conditions would be a good, 

 strong colony with brood-rearing to the 

 fullest capacity, only a little honey 

 in the hive; plenty of honey lias been 

 coming in — then the honey stops — 

 there is not sufficient supply to carir 

 on brood-rearing that has begun — andi 

 I think European foul brood will de- 

 velop. I am convinced that feeding 

 over that period of dearth will exclude 

 the European foul brood, with the ex- 

 ception of a few colonies that may be 

 weak. 



Mr. Macklin — ^I would like to have 

 Dr. Miller explain the difference be- 

 tween American and European foul 

 brood. 



Dr. Miller — ^I suppose the question is 

 imeant to ask, how to distinguish the 

 itwo. 



Without answering the question, in 

 the fullest manner, I think the most 

 sjatisfactory way of distinguishing the 

 American is by the color of the dead 

 brood. The principal thing you look 

 I'or there is, if you are looking to see 

 i:f it is European foul brood, is to 

 Hook for the yelloTv larvae — ^that is 

 what I look for. 



Mr. Macklin' — ^What stage? 



Dr. Miller — That will be when the 

 larv-ae isi about half grown, usually — 

 'It will look yellow. 



Pres. York — "What about the odor? 



Dr. Miller — There may be almost no 

 odor. Take a frame that is diseased, 

 you may not smell a thing about it. If 

 a whole colony is diseased, you may 

 hold your head over it, and you may 

 get something of a smell; but there is 



not such a smell as of American foul 

 brood. 



Mr. Hatch^ — Does this stringy larvae 

 apply to European foul brood also? 



Dr. Miller — No, sir; European foul 

 brood has but little of that. 



Mr. Hatch — ^Then I have had a com- 

 bination of both. 



Dr. Miller — ^You may have had both, 

 though they usually don't occur to- 

 gether. I think Dr. Phillips said he 

 had not found any such cases. 



Mr. Hatch — ^Where does the black 

 brood distinction come in? 



Dr. Miller — Black brood is European 

 foui brood. 



I suppose that name "black" (I 

 would favor calling the American foul 

 brood, "foul brood," and calling the 

 other yellow broodl I suppose the black 

 conies in after the larvae is all dead; 

 the distinguishing feature of it is that 

 the larvae look yellow; that is the 

 thing you look for to find disease. 



Mr. Wilcox — ^I don't know much 

 about the distinguishing features of 

 pickled brood, only what I have heard 

 Mr. France say, that in pickled brood 

 tht>re is a watery sack; and where he 

 found that sack of water he pronounced 

 it pickled brood. The larval bees show 

 light brown spots. 



Mr. Taylor — Pickled brood as I un- 

 derstand it, is, as Mr. Wilcox has said. 

 The skin of the dead bee is quite tough, 

 and, if punctured, then thin, watery 

 fluid of the bcdy will fiow as freely as 

 water. I suppose there is a little sack 

 that has held the water in, so that it 

 pulls out watery and the bee retains 

 its shape, which is very different from 

 other kinds of foul brood. Pickled 

 brood has very little or no smell, and 

 is easily pulled out of the cell. 



Mr. Cavanagih — ^In regard to European 

 foul brood being found in the same 

 hive: Dr. Phillips, when inspecting in 

 Northern Ohio and Indiana, stated that 

 the Inspectors reported they found both 

 diseases in the same hive. He went 

 with Mr. Demutli several weeks, and 

 Mr. Demuth tells me he found both 

 in the same hive. The ropiness of 

 American fould brood can never be 

 mistaken for European. 



Mr. Hatch — ^In regard to the way 

 this disease is carried: I could not tell 

 whether it was European or American; 

 I had the kind that would string out 



