148 FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 



dissects a queen he evidently has to kill her, and those germs 

 of Bacillus alvei are very difficult to produce. It may be a 

 colony partly infected. When he examined the queen the 

 germs have developed since the death of the queen, or in such 

 a way that if the queen had been alive and well she would 

 not have had any germs. At the same time, we must be 

 very cautious and not assert. In this disease it is better to 

 be over-cautious than insufficiently cautious. Therefore, I be- 

 lieve we should be very careful. In regard to 'boiling, I 

 believe it is a mistake to say it will take three hours of 

 boiling to destroy the germs. At the same time there are 



The late Thomas G. Newman, 

 First Honorary Member Illinois State Association. 



men who have found germs after three hours of boiling. 

 It may be they got those germs in a short time after the 

 boiling, before they made the examination, and I am in- 

 clined to believe that, because I think anything that is boiled 

 in the matter of life will die. But in such a , dangerous 

 disease we must be very careful in asserting the danger does 

 not exist under such and such circumstances. We may say 

 it is not probably. As Mr. Root says he has not found it, 

 therefore I would be inclined to think he is right, but at the 

 same time we must be very careful not to assert the disease 

 does not exist in all parts of the hive. 



Dr. Miller — Calling attention to a point that might be 

 misunderstood in what Mr. Dadant has said, the fact that 

 the germs of foul brood may be found in the body of the 



