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108 



NINTH ANNUAL, REPORT OF THE 



Mr. Arnd — No, I don't think as bad- 

 ly, but it will candy. 



Mr. Brown — ^A man who lived in 

 Kentucky told me he had a good deal 

 of experience in putting up honey, and 

 he says that after you have heated it, 

 it does not make any difference about 

 when you put it into the jar. If it has 

 once been brought up to proper tem- 

 perature, you can let it get cold if you 

 desire, and then put it into the bottle. 

 At least, he didn't have to keep it up 

 to that particular temperature, but he 

 says the act of heating it really gives 

 it the property of remaining liquid. 

 But I have always considered that he 

 lives in Kentucky and there is a pos- 

 sibility that if that honey was as far 

 north as we are, it would not stand. 

 He claimed it would stand down there. 



Dr. Miller — I know it would' not work 

 in my part of the country. Tou heat 

 it up and make it liquid and it will 

 candy then the second time quicker 

 than it did the first time. I think the 

 sealing may make an entire difference 

 in the cause. And with regard to the 

 question as to whether when heated 

 in a jar, after it has been sealed, it 

 might make a difference as to the way 

 the thing was treated there. For in- 

 stance, you might unscrew the cap, 

 heat everything, and then screw it 

 tight. That is one thing. Tou might 

 "heat it with the cap screwed tight and 

 leave it that way, and that would be 

 another thing. Do you get the point? 

 Because there is the explanation of 

 that air in there, whereas if you un- 

 screw the cap and heat the whole 

 thing and then screw it up, you have 

 a vacuum in there you don't have if 

 you heat the whole thing without un- 

 screwing it. 



Mr. Cavanagh — The doctor spoke of 

 heating the honey without unscrewing 

 the cap. I had some that I heated 

 that way and the caps went up in the 

 air. 



Mr. Thompson — ^I have liquefied a 

 good many bottles in that manner and 

 never had one to break yet; if the 

 heat is put on slowly and brought up 

 to the required temperature to liquefy. 



Mr. Cavanagh — I can't say as to 

 that. These were tight Mason jars 

 and I suppose they must have been 

 air-tight. 



Dr. Miller — Possibly they went be- 

 yond 160 degrees. 



Mr. Arnd — About a year ago I had 

 •a man working for me that was con- 



nected with a large bottle concern in 

 Detroit. They made a specialty of 

 bottling honey in glasses, and the way 

 they did it there, and he claimed it 

 kept better than any other way, they 

 heated up the honey and kept it at a 

 temperature of 160 degrees for a short 

 time. They filled the glasses, and 

 when the froth came on the top and 

 it got almost cold, they put on the * 

 caps after it got cold. And he claimed 

 that they very seldom had any granu- 

 lated honey come back. Of course, I 

 have not tried that, but they allowed 

 the honey to get cold, with a little 

 froth on, before they put the caps on. 



President York — ^I would like to ask 

 Mr. Arnd if he knows what kind of 

 honey they were bottling? 



Mr. Arnd — They called it Michigan 

 White Clover. 



President York — Where they bottle 

 sage honey, that might be. I saw 

 some the past few weeks, and the sage 

 honey does not granulate very quickly, 

 anyway. It will not granulate in Cali- 

 fornia for two or three years. 



Mr. Burnett — It differs about that 

 some. Some years it will candy in a 

 few months, and sometimes it won't 

 candy for two or three years, accord- 

 ing to the testimony furnished me. 



Is Foul Brood in Extracted Honey? 



"Does foul brood get into the ex- 

 tractor? If so. is it marketed with 

 the honey?" 



Mr. Fluegge — Impossible, because we 

 don't market any hrood. 



Mr. Brown — ^I think he is mistaken 

 there. That is just where it does get 

 in, is right into the extractor. Es- 

 pecially 'by the inexperienced. That is 

 something that ought to be guarded 

 against above all things. I know of one 

 extensive bee-keeper who lives in Chi- 

 cago. He makes a practice of owning 

 one extra extractor in reserve, in case 

 foul brood he might get, and then he 

 •uses that extractor for foul brood 

 treatment only, and never lets it come 

 in contact with any hive that hasn't 

 foul brood. 



Mr. Cavanagh — There is quite a dis- 

 tinction between germs of foul brood 

 and foul brood itself. There is nothing 

 injurious to the human system in the 

 germ of foul brood, as I understand it. 

 I am in pretty deep water, talking 

 about bacteriology, but foul brood does 

 not get into the honey unless — unless 

 they put it with foul brood comb, and 



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