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substance — Ccall it electricity, magnetism, odic force, or 

 what you will, and is not a necessary quality of matter ; 

 but, on the contrary, all phenomena of matter go ta 

 show that on its cohesive power tiie existence of matter 

 depends. It must necessarily antedate organized sub- 

 stances, unless a miracle takes place, and a molecule can 

 originate it>^^elf. It is hard to say, however, what won- 

 ders of this kind may transpire when a great philosopher 

 like Mill can say that it may be possible for two and 

 two to become five, and that a part may be greater 

 than the whole in some other condition of mind. That 

 " condition " should only be found in the ward of an 

 asylum. Plerbert Spencer is forced reluctantly to ad- 

 mit (Biology, Am. Ed., page 167): "It may be argued 

 that, on the hy})othesis of evolution, life necessarily 

 comes before organization. On this hypothesis, organic 

 matter in a state of homos-eneous a2:o:re2:ation must 

 precede organic matter in a state of heterogeneous 

 aggregation. But since the passing from a structureless 

 state to a structured state is itself a vital process, it fol- 

 lows that vital activity must have existed while there 

 was yet no structure ; structure could not else arise." 

 Lionel Beale says, grudgingly, (Bioplasm, page 209, Ed. 

 1872): "Tue vital power of the highest bioplasm in 

 nature is the living Z" Darw*in calls this power 

 "innate" in defining life. This may mean much or 

 nothing. He vaguely applies it to that something/ in 

 organized nature ; tliat invisible builder known only in 

 his works; that which the microscope has not brought 

 to view; that which the scalpel has never laid bare; 

 that of which the chemical tests Jiave not found out its^ 

 affinities, and the spectrnm analifsis has not disj)layed 

 its color to the eye. Man may be said to consist of a 

 collection of living cells, or organic monads. These 

 have a dynamic union in which resides a power whose 



