NELSON} SIBERIAN AND ALASKAN GARMENTS 31 
The illustration (plate x1vy) from a photograph taken of a party of 
women and children from East Cape, Siberia, gives an idea of the gar- 
ments described. The woman on the left wears one of the combination 
garments with the fur side out, the one on the right having the gar- 
ment turned with fur inward, and the two central figures wear the frock 
in addition. 
Most of the garments worn by these people are made from the skins 
of tame reindeer, although those of wild reindeer are used to a limited 
extent. The handsomely mottled coats of the tame deer serve to render 
some of the clothing rather ornamental in appearance. On St Lawrence 
island and the Diomedes the skins of waterfowl are sometimes used 
for making the outer frock-like garment for both men and women of 
the poorer class. ‘Their boots are usually of reindeer skin, generally 
taken from the leg of the animal, with a sole of tanned sealskin. 
Crossing Bering strait to the American shore we find the garments 
for men and women closely alike in general style over a wide area. 
They are practically identical in pattern northward to Point Barrow 
and southward to the Yukon mouth, including King and Sledge islands. 
The garments worn by the en consist of a skin frock, which is put 
on over the head and has a hood variously bordered by strips of skin. 
These borders are made usually of an outer strip of wolfskin with the 
long hairs standing out like a halo, as before described. Just within 
this is sewed another belt or band of skin from the wolverine so that 
the long outer hairs lie back against the wolfskin border, producing a 
pleasing contrast. These halo like borders, when the hood is drawn 
up, surround the face and give’a picturesque appearance to the wearer 
(plates Iv, x11, xva). The back of the hood is made usually of several 
pieces sewed in such a way as to take the form of the head. <A gore 
usually extends from the top of the shoulders at the base of the hood 
down on each side of the chest, and is generally of white-hair skin 
from the belly of the reindeer. The sleeves and lower border of this 
garment are fringed with a narrow band of wolf or wolverine skin, 
These garments may be made of the skins of wild or tame reindeer, 
Parry’s marmot, muskrats, mink, or waterfowl, such as cormorants, 
auklets, murres, eider ducks, or loons, and in the region southward of 
the Yukon mouth the skins of emperor and white-front geese are also 
used for this purpose. One such garment is made from the skins of 
scaup ducks, with the hood of Parry’s marmot skins, and is bordered 
around the bottom with a narrow fringe of wolfskin. On the lower 
Yukon very poor people utilize even the skins of salmon for making 
their frocks. 
The trousers of the men extend from the hips to the ankles and are 
rather awkwardly made. They are fastened about the waist with a 
drawstring in a loop of skin sewed along the border. A variety of 
materials are used, including wild and tame reindeer, sealskin, dogskin, 
and white-bear skin. The trousers made from the skins of reindeer 
are sometimes worn with the hair inward during cold weather or with 
