74 THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT [ETH. ANN. 18 
surrounded by a flaring, somewhat spoon-shape rim. The orifice is 
usually rather small, and is provided with a wooden plug or stopper. 
Occasionally a funnel is used for filling water bags or small oil bags of 
this character. 
One specimen of this kind of nozzle from St Michael (figure 11, plate 
xxxIIa) is of wood. The top is of spoon shape, rather flat in outline, 
with one end in the form of a grotesque walrus head with small ivory 
tusks and eyes represented by inlaid ivory pegs; the other end repre- 
sents the hind flippers of the walrus, and the fore flippers are painted 
on the inside of the top near the edge. The broad top is excavated 
downward to the center, where it is perforated by a round hole. The 
lower surface is convex, with a round, projecting, sae like base for 
inserting in the mouth of the bag. 
Figure 5, plate xxxtta, from St Michael, is a spoon-shape nozzle, 
with a projection below through which the hole passes. It is provided 
with a wooden stopper attached to a sealskin cord which is fastened 
into a hole made in a handle-like projection at one end. 
Figure 6 of the same plate, from Nunvogulukhlugumut, is a some- 
what similar spoon-shape nozzle, with a wooden stopper attached to a 
cord fastened into a hole at one end. 
Figure 2, from Agiukchugumut, is a funnel-shape mouthpiece, with 
a wooden stopper inserted in a hole in the lower part of the wide- 
mouth upper end. The outside is marked with raven totem signs. 
Figure 5, from Anogogmut, has a funnel-shape mouthpiece, with its 
outer rim marked with raven totem signs. 
Figure 4, from the lower Kuskokwim. is’a funnel-shape ivory 
nozzle, with the interior beveled. The outlines of a wolf and a white 
whale are incised on opposite sides of the opening in the interior. The 
outer border is marked with the raven totem sign. 
Figure 12, from Norton sound, is a nozzle made from walrus ivory; 
the surface is ornamented with etched lines and patterns, and the form 
of a seal’s head and back appear in relief on two sides. 
Figure 7, from St Michael, is a conical mouthpiece without orna- 
mentation. 
Figure 10, from Sfugunugunut, is a water bag, with a funnel-like 
wooden nozzle provided with a wooden stopper attached by a cord. 
RAKES 
Plate Xxxy, 2, represents a rake, from Sabotnisky, made from 
a piece of reindeer antler with the tips curved inward; the handle is 
worked down flat on the lower and flattened a little on the upper side, 
and has a notch for lashing it to a stout wooden haft, the lashing pass- 
ing through a hole in the handle. This implement is used for taking 
away the refuse in the fire hole of the kashim or for clearing away 
refuse material while building a house. It is used also for cleaning 
