80 THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT [ETH. ANN. 18 
Y 
rounded growth of wood which had formed an excrescence on the 
branch which serves as the handle. 
Figure 23, 2, from Sabotnisky, is a small deerhorn mallet with a han- - 
dle 34 inches in length, pierced at its outer end for a cord and with 
the head rounded above and truncated below. In the front are carved 
two large, eye-like cavities with a rudely shaped nose and a slightly 
incised groove to represent the mouth, giving the front a resemblance 
to a grotesque human face. 
IMPLEMENTS USED IN ARTS AND MANUFACTURES 
IVORY AND BONE WORKING TOOLS 
In former times the tools used by the Eskimo for working ivory, bone, 
and deerhorn were chipped from flint or other hard stones, and some- 
times for etching or scoring deeper lines the canine teeth of small 
mammals were used, mounted on a short handle. Since iron and steel 
have become common among them, however, tools made from these 
metals have superseded to a great extent the more primitive imple- 
ments. The tools now in use are scrapers, scoring or etching imple- 
ments, wedges for splitting the material, and narrow pieces of thin iron 
with serrated edges for use as saws. 
Figure 9, plate xxxvia, is a small saw obtained at Port Clarence by 
Dr T. H. Bean. The blade is set in a handle in a manner similar to 
that of a table knife. 
Figure 10 of the same plate is a saw from Cape Prince of Wales, 
evidently modeled from those in use by white men. It is 11 inches 
long; the blade is a long, narrow strip of iron with teeth cut in the lower 
edge; it is riveted into slots in small round pieces of ivory which are 
fastened into a wooden frame. A wooden rod extends across the 
middle of the frame into which it is dovetailed; a double cord of raw- 
hide is stretched across the frame, between the two strands of which 
a piece of bone is inserted for twisting the cords and thereby tighten- 
ing the blade of the saw in the frame. 
Another style of saw is made by inserting a narrow piece of iron with 
a serrated edge in a slot cut in a long piece of ivory, horn, or bone. 
Sometimes these saws are mere strips of iron with teeth cut in one 
edge and without either handle or frame. 
Figure 6, plate XxxvIa, represents a frame for one of these saws from 
Unalaklit. It is made of reindeer horn and has a projecting spur on its 
upper side, the same end being bent downward to serve as a handle. 
Figure 7 of this plate is a scoring or etching implement from the 
Yukon district. The iron point is wedged firmly into a slit in the end 
of the handle, which has a conical hole on one side, having evidently 
served as a cap fora drill. 
Figure 8, from Cape Darby, is a handle for one of these tools, made 
from two pieces of bone with a slot for fitting in an iron point; the two 
pieces are riveted together by wooden pins, and a rawhide cord is 
