88 THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT [ETH. ANN. 18 
and notches. Figure 2, also from the lower Yukon, has the end cut 
into two notches with two points of different shape, one on each side. 
Figure 5, from the lower Yukon, shows still another form. 
Plate xxxvilIl, 11, from the lower Yukon, is «a bent piece of deerhorn 
having a screw-driver set in one end; the other end is fashioned into 
notches to form a finishing tool. 
Plate xxxvu1lI, 10, from Kotzebue sound, is a small piece of fossil 
mammoth ivory, with a rounded handle and a knob-like head, the lower 
surface of which is convex in shape and smoothly polished. The sides 
and the top of the handle are provided with hollows to receive the 
thumb and the first two fingers. 
WEDGES AND MAULS 
Wedges of wood, bone, deerhorn, and ivory are used for splitting 
wood; they vary considerably in size, but the majority are from six to 
eight inches in length. Heavy wooden mauls are used for driving them. 
Plate xxx1x, 5, shows a wedge, from the Diomede islands, made 
from the butt of an old walrus tusk, beveled from both sides. Around 
the lower end is a broad, sunken groove for the attachment of a handle, 
thus permitting the use of the implement as an ax. f 
Plate XXxIx, 6, represents a small wooden wedge used in making 
splints for fish traps. It has a short groove, painted red, on each side, 
which is said to represent the track of a land otter in the snow and 
to be the private mark of the maker. Two more of these wedges were 
obtained from the same man, one of them being about five inches and 
the other eleven inches in length. 
Plate xxxIXx, 4, represents a deerhorn wedge from the lower Yukon. 
From Point Hope was obtained a rude wedge, made from a piece of 
the jawbone of a whale and beveled on one of its two sides. 
Plate xxx1x, 2, from Nunivak island, obtained by Dr W. H. Dall, is 
a curiously shaped wedge of reindeer horn, having a projecting prong 
on one side. In the middle is fastened a little tuft of reindeer hair by 
means of a peg inserted in a hole made for the purpose. 
Plate xxx1x, 7, from St Lawrence island, is a wedge of walrus ivory. 
Plate xxxv, 3, from Hotham inlet, is a heavy maul or beetle made 
from a section of fossil mammoth tusk about 18 inches in length. 
ARROWSHAFT STRAIGHTENERS 
Straighteners for arrowshafts are in common use throughout western 
Alaska, and the collection contains a large series of implements of this 
kind. Deerhorn and walrus ivory are the materials commonly employed 
in their manufacture, and considerable ingenuity is shown in shaping 
them. 
Plate XL, 9, from the lower Yukon, is a small, roughly made shaft 
straightener of deerhorn, as is figure 6 of the same plate, from the same 
