90 THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT [ETH. ANN, 18 
fastened about the center for attaching it to the belt. Figure 25, 1, 
from Norton sound, is a similar implement, with a strip of skin lashed 
to the butt with a sinew cord for attaching it to a belt. 
Plate XXXVIII, 25, from the lower Yukon, is a double-end tool of this 
kind, having a tooth set in each extremity of the handle. 
BIRCH-BARK TOOLS 
Implements for stripping bark from birch trees are used in Alaska 
wherever those trees are found. 
Plate XxXvill, 20, represents two of these tools from the lower 
.Yukon; they are 
intended to be 
used together and 
are coupled by a 
rawhide cord. One 
of them has a 
short, knife-like 
blade, which pro- 
jects a little more 
than half an inch 
from the handle 
and has two sharp 
points which are 
used to mark the 
outlines of the 
sheets of bark to 
be stripped from 
the tree; the han- 
dle consists of two 
pieces of spruce, 
between which the 
blade is inserted 
and is kept in 
place by strong 
Fic. 25—Knife sharpeners (5). wrappings of raw 
hide cord. The 
other implement is a long, knife-like piece of bone, on which the raven 
totem is rudely cut. After the birch-bark has been scored by the first- 
described implement, the point of the other is inserted between the 
bark and the wood and forced around the trunk of the tree to separate 
and remove the bark. 
Plate XxXxvItt, 17, from the head of Norton sound, is a long bone knife 
for removing birch-bark from the tree. It is sharpened at the point 
and on one edge; the butt is heavily etched with zigzag patterns and 
with the raven totem mark. 
