NELSON) WOMEN’S ‘‘HOUSEWIVES” 105 
Plate XLy, 14, from the lower Yukon, is a small housewife covered on 
the inside with ornamental patterns of red, white, and black. It con- 
tains three pockets, and is bordered with a narrow strip of muskrat 
skin; the back is made of fishskin. 
Plate xLyv, 32, from the lower Yukon, is a piece of fishskin intended to 
form the outer ends of a large housewife. It is sewed with ornamental 
patterns, oval in outline on three sides and straight across the other, 
and bordered by a narrow fringe of sealskin. 
Plate XLV, 51, obtained on Nunivak island by Dr W. H. Dall, is a 
good example of a housewife made from the skin of reindeer ears, 
bordered by a fringe of small strips of the same material. The sides 
have a border of white reindeer skin, surrounded by a narrow strip of 
sealskin and mink fur around its upper edge. The interior is divided 
into quadrate spaces by parallel seams of black and white and rows of 
small beads. At intervals around the outer edges are little tags of red 
worsted. The string for fastening is covered with beads. 
Plate xLy, 15, shows a specimen from Big lake, with a central band 
of deerskin about an inch and a half wide by ten inches long, bordered 
along each side with skins from six reindeer ears sewed together along 
the sides. On one end is a semilunar piece of skin, having its front 
covered with rows of beads and an ornamental pattern of white and 
reddish sealskin, sewed with sinew thread and strips of white quills. 
The inside is crossed by parallel rows of stitching with red-painted 
border lines: the inclosed areas are not colored, but are adorned with 
small clusters of beads in their centers. 
A large number of the fastening rods were obtained. ‘The following, 
figured in plate XLV, illustrate a few of the variations in form and 
outline: 
Figure 29, from Nunivak island, and figure 30, from Big lake, show 
two fastening rods in the shape of salmon. 
Figure 27, from Konigunugumut, and figure 28, from Agiukchugu- 
mut, are also fish-like in form. 
Figure 24, from Ukagamut, is a neatly carved rod in two sections, 
united by a cross bar. On one side is represented a white whale, and 
on the other a seal, the figures being very much elongated and slit 
through the backs. 
Figure 26, from Nulukhtulogumut, is a round fastening rod, repre- 
senting a seal; it has an eye at the lower end for attaching the cord. 
Figure 25 shows a rod from Big lake which terminates in the head 
and tail of a wolf, the legs of the animal being represented by etched 
lines on the surface. 
Figure 17, from the lower Yukon, is a small, rod-like piece of ivory 
with a grotesque head at each end, one side apparently representing 
that of a bird and the other that of some other creature. 
Figure 13, from Chalitmut, is a handsome, flat, ivory rod, having on 
one side at each end the figure of a seal carved in relief, and in the cen- 
ter the head of a man surrounded by a raised border with ray-like, 
