NELSON] SKIN-DRESSING TOOLS 173 
hard, green schistose ground to a crescentic edge, fitted to a wooden 
handle eleven inches in length, which extends downward, overlapping 
about one-half the length of the blade, and held in place by a rawhide 
lashing which is prevented from slipping by a ridge along the lower 
edge of the wood. The upper part of the handle is bent downward 
for convenience in grasping. 
Plate XLIXx, 19, from the lower Yukon, is a slate seraper similar in 
design to the last, with a wooden handle attached by a lashing of 
spruce root, the upper part bent downward nearly to a right angle, 
Plate XLIx, 20, from Nubviukhchugaluk, is a scraper consisting of a 
chisel-shape blade inserted in a broad wooden handle which overlaps 
the upper part and is held in position by a lashing of spruce root. On 
the upper surface of the handle is a groove to receive the forefinger, 
on the inner side is another groove to receive the thumb, and two 
grooves on the under surface of the downward-turned end of the handle 
admit the remaining three fingers. 
Plate XLrx, 15, from the lower Yukon, is a short scraper with a 
wooden handle curved downward to a pistol-like grip, and a heavy 
blade of black chert ground to a chisel-shape edge, titted to the handle 
with an intervening pad of grass. The blade is held in position by 
means of a strong lashing of spruce root. 
Plate XLIx, 12, from the lower Yukon, has a broad, flattened blade of 
Slate, chisel-shape at the edge, with an overlapping wooden handle 
held in place by a spruce-root lashing. The handle is bent downward 
to form the grip. 
Plate XLIx, 18, from Norton sound, has a large, slate blade with a 
rounded, chisel-shape edge. It is fitted into a groove in the wooden 
handle, which is held securely in place by a rawhide lashing. The 
handle is broad near the blade and narrows gradually to a rounded 
grip, which is bent abruptly downward; a groove extends along the 
upper surface, and others, on two sides, below the grip, form a rest for 
the forefinger and the thumb. 
Plate XLIx, 10, from Sledge island, has a flat blade of slate with a 
rounded edge fitted against a shoulder on the lower surface of the 
overlapping wooden handle, which has a projecting spur just above the 
grip, intended to rest between the thumb and the forefinger when the 
implement is in use. 
Plate XLrx, 13, from Cape Prince of Wales, is a small scraper with a 
flat, chisel-like blade of black slate, held in position against the short 
oval wooden handle by a rawhide cord. Another seraper from Cape 
Prince of Wales (number 43405) consists of a rudely chipped flint blade, 
fitted into a mortise in the rough wooden handle and secured by a 
lashing of sinew. The upper end of the handle is bent downward and 
has two grooves on the lower surface to receive the second and third 
fingers. 
Plate XLIx, 11, from Sledge island, has a thin, chisel-shape blade of 
18 ETH——S 
