116 THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT (ETH. ANN. 18 
Plate L, 13, from Chalitmut, is a deerhorn scraper with a well shaped 
upeurved handle, a blade formed like an obliquely truncated half of a 
spoon, and a sharpened edge. 
Plate L, 16, from Sledge island, and figure 17, of the same plate, from 
the lower Yukon, are sections of deerhorn with one surface flattened 
and cut to a sharp edge. 
Plate L, 14, obtained on St Lawrence island by Captain C. L. Hooper, 
is a crescent-shape piece of reindeer horn with a sharp edge, flat upon 
one side and beveled to three surfaces on the other, with a groove run- 
ning down the center of each. 
Plate L, 10, from St Lawrence island, is of ivory, dish-shaped, some- 
what oval in outline and nearly straight on the upper or thicker side; the 
other side is curved and thinned down to a sharp edge. It is used by 
resting the thumb on the interior and grasping the back with the first 
and second fingers. 
Plate xix, 1, obtained by Mr L. M. Turner at St Michael, is a rounded 
bowlder-like piece of 
granite about 5 inches in 
its longest diameter for 
rubbing and softening 
skins; the lower surface 
is smoothed and polished 
by use. 
SKIN DRESSING 
Among the Eskimo it 
is customary for the men 
to dress the skins of large 
animals such as rein- 
deer, wolves, wolver- 
ines, bears, seals, and walrus, while the women prepare the skins 
of smaller creatures such as fawns, hares, muskrats, marmots, and 
waterfowl, and sometimes assist’ the men in the preparation of the 
larger skins. : 
In dressing sealskins and walrus hides they are first scraped to free 
them from the adherent particles of flesh and fat, then rolled into a 
bundle with the hair side inward and kept in the house or the kashim 
until they become sour and the hair loosens; small sealskins are some- 
times dipped in hot water to hasten the loosening of the hair; the hair 
is then scraped off and the skin is stretched on a wooden frame, made 
from sticks of driftwood (figure 32), by stout cords passed through 
slits around the edges and over the side bars of the frame, when they 
are again scraped and placed outside the house to dry. When dry 
they are removed from the frames and folded compactly into flat, oblong 
packages (figure 33), for convenience in carrying or storing. If the 
skin is to be tanned with the hair on, for use in making boots or 
FiG. 32—Stretched sealskin. 
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