NELSON] : WALRUS AND WHALE SPEARS 139 
to escape. Figure 2, plate Lva, is a typical spear of this kind from 
St Michael. ; 
Figure 3, plate iva, illustrates a typical example of this kind of 
spear which was obtained at Sledge island. The shaft is a little over 
six feet long, tapering from the middle toward both ends, the upper 
end being the smaller. The private mark of the owner is marked on 
the shaft in red and black paint. The head is held in place by a com- 
bination of sinew and rawhide lashings. Spears very similar to this 
are in common use on the shores of Norton sound and Bering strait. 
Figure 1, plate Lva, from Norton sound, is an example of the large 
spear used in that locality. 
Figure 8, plate Lva, is another spear of this kind, about seven feet in 
length, from Port Clarence. The shaft is stcongly lashed with rawhide 
in several places, the lashings being held in place by small bone pins, 
and a strong finger-rest in the form of a seal-head is attached to one 
side for use in casting; the butt has a tapering, rounded point of bone, 
fastened by a rawhide lashing which passes through an orifice in the 
bone. The bone head is inserted in a groove in the wooden shaft, 
against which it is held firmly by a rawhide lashing; an ivory rod 
about seven inches in length is inserted in the top and on it is fitted 
the detachable harpoon point, the tip of which is slit and a triangular 
piece of brass inserted to form a sharp point. The detachable point 
has a hole through which is passed the cord which attaches it to the 
shatt. : 
Figure 7, plate Lva, from Sledge island, is a similar but shorter 
walrus and whale spear, having the bone head worked into an image 
of a white bear’s head, with pieces of blue beads inlaid for eyes. 
Spears of this character were found also in use along the coast of 
Kotzebue sound and northward to Point Barrow. ; 
From St Lawrence island a similar but ruder spear of this kind was 
obtained. It has a long, rounded shaft, with a small ivory head and a 
finger-rest at the middle; the short bone tip at the butt is sharpened 
to a wedge-shape point. This specimen, which measures nearly eight 
feet, is the longest of any of the spears that were seen. 
Figure 6, plate Lva, from Norton sound, is a spear used for walrus 
and whales, somewhat similar in general character to those already 
described, but the long, slender shaft has a spur-shape point of bone 
inserted in its upper end and fastened by a rawhide cord. This pro- 
jects obliquely from the shaft instead of being in line with it, as in the 
other specimens described. The usual lashings of rawhide are around 
the shaft, but the bone head is smaller and terminates in a knob, in 
which is inserted the bone peg on which is fitted the detachable point. 
This point has a flat, triangular, iron tip and a hole through the base 
for the attachment of a stout rawhide cord that passes backward 
through two grooves in the bone head and thence along the shaft to 
the butt, where it is coiled and attached to a float. 
Figure 5, plate Lva, from Chichinagamut, is the style of large hand 
