NELSON] HUNTING BAGS AND HELMETS 167 
Figure 33, plate Lxmt, from St Michael, is such a bag made from 
the skins of two wolves’ heads, bound around the edge with red flan- 
nel and lined with white cotton. A shoulder strap made of white 
cotton and ornamented with stitching of red worsted is attached to it. 
At St Michael I obtained a long, slender hunting bag (number 38458) 
made of alternating strips of white and brown deerskin, with a fringe 
of the same cut in little strips around the lower end. It is bordered 
above by a trimming of skin from a loon’s throat, which is succeeded 
by ornamental bands of deerskin and a strip of wolverine fur. 
The people of the seacoast between Yukon and Kuskokwim rivers 
use conical wooden helmets to protect their eyes from the glare of the 
sun when hunting at sea; these are ornamented with carved ‘ivory 
images or are painted with various devices, 
At Kushunuk were seen many of these hats which were painted 
white, on which were various phallic pictures in red; these pictures 
had a certain significance connected with the religious beliefs of the 
people, which I failed to ascertain. The same idea was shown in a 
phallic picture on a pair of paddles obtained at this village, each of the 
two having one-half of the picture upon it, so that it was completed 
by joining them at their edges. 
From the mouth of the Yukon northward, wooden visors are used to 
shade the eyes; these are somewhat similar in Shape to the helmets 
but they lack the conical top; the forepieces of the visors are often 
ornamented with ivory carvings and have at the back a plume of 
feathers from the tails of old squaw ducks. 
Figure 22, plate LXIv, represents one of these conical helmets from 
Kushunuk. It has a strip of deerhorn lashed around the base at the 
rear to hold the bent ends in position. On both sides are fastened, by 
sinew cord passed through holes, wing-like pieces of ivory, carved with 
open-work pattern and ornamented with groups of concentric circles, 
with acentral hole in each. On the middle of the front are two carved 
walrus heads of ivory, and on each side of these are two ivory strips 
representing heads of gulls. The outer surface of this helmet is 
painted slate color splashed with white. 
Another helmet, from Kaialigamut (figure 20, plate LXIv), is without 
ivory ornaments on the front. It is held together at the back by a 
strip of deerhorn pierced with holes, through which pass lashings of 
cord; the edges, where they are held together in the rear, are fastened 
together with spruce-root lashings. The outer surface is painted white 
and decorated with red figures; bordering grooves on the top and 
bottom are also red. 
The visors worn by the people of Norton sound and the lower Yukon 
are usually plain, but sometimes are made to represent the head of 
some animal. They consist of a fillet of wood passing around the back 
of the head, with the front carried out to form a long, rounded fore- 
piece. 
Figure 21, plate LXIv, illustrates one of these unornamented visors, 
