168 THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT (ETH. ANN. 18 
which was obtained at Razbinsky. It has a groove around the edge 
and a deep, broad groove down the front; at the rear the overlapping 
ends are lashed together with willow bark. The specimen from St’ 
Michael, shown in plate LXIv, 15, is more heavily made. On the middle 
of the front is a groove. The front is carried out to represent the head 
of a pike, with a mouth formed by a deeply incised groove, in which 
are set numerous small reindeer teeth; two deep holes represent the 
nostrils, and two amber-colored beads are inlaid for eyes. One side of 
the visor is black, the other side is not colored. Visors from the shore 
of Norton sound are sometimes ornamented with ivory figures lashed to 
their sides and front, like the helmets from south of the Yukon mouth. 
Figure 18, plate LXIv, illustrates a visor of this kjnd, which has a. 
wing-like piece on each side and the head of a gull in front; the 
median ridge is ornamented with the ivory images of two walrus 
heads. The back of the visor has an oval ring of shavings projecting 
upward and stuck full of feathers from the tails of cormorants and 
old wife ducks. 
Figure 2, plate Lxtv, from Chalitmut; figure 19 of the same plate, 
from Norton bay; and figure 17, from Sledge island, represent visors 
made from pieces of wood, with a rawhide strip or cord attached on 
each side for passing over the back of the head. The first specimen 
mentioned is painted black on both sides and has a series of ivory pegs 
and white beads inlaid in two rows on the upper surface. The visor 
shown in plate Lxty, 19, has a shallow groove, painted red, around the 
upper edge; inside of this is a deep, narrow groove, which, with the 
remainder of the visor, is uncolored. The third specimen (plate LXxIv, 
17) has the lower part of the visor, a band around the edge, and a 
long, oval groove down the front, painted black. A shallow groove, 
extending around the borders above and below inside the black line, is 
colored red. 
The ornamentation of helmets with ivory carvings varies but little in 
the several localities. Usually there is a long, flat, wing-shape piece 
on each side and the head of a bird in front; the middle is occupied 
by carvings of walrus heads or figures of other animals. 
The following specimens, shown in figure 45, illustrate some of the 
ornaments: 
Number 8 represents one of the wing-shape pieces from Shaktolik, 
with open-work pattern and a series of circles and dots. Number 7 
shows one of the ivory strips obtained at Kushunuk; it is carved to 
represent the head of a cormorant. Another, from Askinuk (number 
6), represents the head of a gull. A specimen from St Michael (num- 
ber 5) is an ivory walrus head for the front of a helmet. Another, 
from Kushunuk (number 3), represents a land otter, the eyes of which 
are represented by inlaid blue beads, and similar beads are inlaid in 
the centers of circles etched along the back. A thin band of deerhorn 
from the lower Yukon (number 2) is flattened on one side and beveled 
