NELSON] SNOW GOGGLES—KNIVES ify(al 
A pair of goggles (figure 10, plate LXIv) obtained at Port Clarence 
by Doctor T. H. Bean, are made from three pieces of wood; both the 
upper and lower pieces are grooved to admit the insertion of a fragment 
of common window glass in each oval eyehole; they are lashed together 
with whalebone cord passed through holes; a projecting visor over- 
hangs the front; inside a bar of wood is lashed, which is notched on 
each side over the eye to permit circulation of air. 
A clumsily made pair from the Diomede islands (figure 7, plate Lxtv) 
consist of two pieces of canvas sewed together; eyeholes are cut in the 
middle of each, in which are inserted pieces of window glass; the can- 
vas is backed by a rudely formed wooden framework, rather quadrate in 
outline. These are the only goggles of this kind that were seen. 
Figure 16, plate LXIv, represents a pair of wooden goggles from Nor- 
ton sound; they are notched for the nose, and project at the sides as 
long, oval ends reaching to the temples; the tubular front has two large, 
oval holes, and a strip of rawhide, rounded in front, is pegged to the 
upper surface to form a visor. 
HUNTING AND SKINNING KNIVES 
The stone knives formerly in universal use among the Eskimo have 
been almost entirely displaced by the ordinary butcher knives sold by 
the traders. Some of these old-fashioned flint knives were procured at 
Hotham inlet, and were in actual use when obtained; they are illus- 
trated in piate XLVII, figures 2,3. They consist of leaf-shape, chipped 
flint blades, set in short wooden handles split at the lower end to receive 
the blade which is held in place by a wrapping of rawhide or sinew 
cord, or (as in figure 3) by a lashing of willow root. 
From the northern end of Norton sound a beautiful knife (plate LXV, 3) 
was obtained. The narrow, leaf-shape blade of nephrite is 84 inches in 
length and 24 inches wide at its broadest part, and is slightly convex 
on one side; the other side is slightly grooved near each edge and has 
a broad, slightly elevated, flat ridge running down the center to near the 
point; it is double-edged and brought to a slightly rounded point. The 
handle is of ivory, oval in cross section, 34 inches in length; the blade is 
set in a slot, the sides of which overlap about 2 inches, through which 
ivory pegs are inserted to hold it in place. In the handle are seven 
holes, through which a rawhide cord is wound and crossed to afford a 
firm grip for the hand. The wooden sheath (plate Lxv, 2) follows the 
outline of the knife and extends halfway up the handle; it is in two 
parts, which are fastened together by thin strips of whalebone passed 
through holes in the edges. Across one side of the sheath, near the 
butt, are two small, parallel grooves which form the private mark of the 
owner. This specimen, from its large size and the beauty and regu- 
larity of its finish, is probably unique. It was purchased at Nubviukh- 
chugaluk from a Kaviak Eskimo who said that it had been an heirloom 
in his family for many generations; although now of no practical utility 
