180 THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT. [ETH. ANN. 18 
islands. One is similar in form and ornamentation to the last pre- 
ceding specimen, but the lower portion is of yellowish bone and the 
upper part of greenish-gray stone. The other is similar in shape, but 
the upper half of the shank is of white ivory, with two encircling 
grooves in which narrow strips of skin from the legs of an auklet are 
bound, and the lower half of the shank is of dark-colored ivory. A 
grayling hook from Unalaklit (figure 48) has a leader of whalebone. 
The white ivory shank has a dull green spiral band, produced by stain- 
ing the ivory in some unknown manner, 
Figure 30, plate LXIx, represents a set of hooks from the Lower Yukon, 
which are intended for catching losh. They have tapering wooden 
shanks, split at the lower end to receive the butts of long wooden or 
deerhorn points, which are lashed in position with spruce 
root. Most of these hooks are provided with rawhide 
leaders, but one leader is made from a strip of whalebone. 
They are held together by thrusting the points into a 
rounded mass of fine shavings bound together with a 
strip of spruce root. 
A hook from the Lower Yukon (figure 15, plate LX V1) 
has an obovate shank of deerhorn, with a spur-like barb of 
iron thrust through the lower end. Theupperend is taper- 
ing, flattened, and pierced with a hole for thereception ofa 
line. Hooks of this kind are used for small whitefish and 
losh in the streams back from the coast. Aloshhook from 
the head of Norton bay (figure 17, plate LXIx) has an obo- 
vate shank of ivory, bored across through the shank and 
filled with lead to give additional weight. The lower end 
has a hole through which is thrust a small, double-point 
rod of iron, bent upward at the ends to form two barbs. 
A hook used for catching large whitefish or nelma (fig- 
ure 10,plate LXVII1) was obtained at Paimut. It has a 
curved deerhorn shank, broadening toward the lower 
end, in which are incisions representing the mouth aud 
eyes of a fish. Between the eyes is inserted a strong 
iron barb, bent upward at the point. The upper end of the shank is 
forked like the tail of a fish, and has a hole for the line. A hook for 
catching pickerel and whitefish, illustrated in figure 19, plate LXVIII, 
is from Unalaklit. The shank is broad and flattened toward the upper 
end, where it has two holes for attachment of the line. The edges are 
serrated. Near the lower end it is slender and has an upeurled barb 
of iron fastened with a lashing of sinew cord. Another hook, obtained 
at Sledge island, is somewhat similar to the preceding, but the barb, 
instead of being fastened by a lashing, is inserted through a hole in 
the shank, the upper portion of which is broad and has only two 
notches on the sides (figure 11, plate Lxvu1). Two hooks, from St. 
Michael, used for catching wolf fish, illustrated in figures 9 and 11 
Fic, 48—Grayling 
hook (4). 
