NELSON] FISH HOOKS AND SINKERS 181 
plate LXIx, are attached to rounded, tapering sinkers of ivory. One 
of them has a deerhorn shank, serrated on the edges, with a stout 
iron barb inserted through the lower end. The other hook has a 
rude, straight shank, made from a stick about four inches in length, 
with a notch at the upper end for attaching the line, which passes 
downward to the lower end, where a pointed spine of deerhorn is 
lashed obliquely across it. Another variety of hook is a rudely made 
specimen from St Lawrence island (figure 25, plate Lx1x). It is cut 
from a piece of walrus ivory and is provided with a long barbed point. 
It was used for catching wolf fish, but probably both this and the two 
preceding examples were also used for cod-fishing. 
A similar hook from the same locality is shown in figure 29, plate 
Lx1x. In this case, however, the shank is of wood with a barbed point 
of bone fitted in a slot at the base. The upper end of the shank has a 
hole for attaching the whalebone line. This hook was used probably 
for catching codfish. An outfit for catching wolf fish, illustrated in fig- 
ure 27, plate LXV, was obtained at the head of Norton sound. It 
consists of a shuttle-like rod, 28 inches in length, on which is wound a 
rawhide line, near the end of which a rounded piece of lava, reddish 
in color, is fastened with a basket lashing. The hook has a straight 
deerhorn shank, to the lower end of which is lashed crosswise an iron 
nail with the projecting end pointed, In the fork between the hook and 
the shank a kind of bait composed of sinew-like material is secured 
by a lashing. Figure 28, plate LXv1I, shows a similar outfit from Nor- 
ton sound, with the sinker made of a rounded granite pebble grooved 
at each end for the attachment of the rawhide lashing Another out- 
fit (figure 25, plate Lxvi11), from Norton sound, for catching blackfish 
(Dallia) is a long, slender, shuttle-like rod 20 inches in length, on which 
is wound a short line of sinew with a small hook at one end. This 
hook has a straight, rounded ivory shank and is provided with a 
pointed iron pin through the lower end, with the tip upcuryed. 
Along the shore of Bering sea and the adjacent Arctic coast con- 
siderable ingenuity is displayed by the people in manufacturing sink- 
ers for fishing lines, and a great variety are made. Jor several species 
of fish the sinker is intended to attract the fish, as well as to serve as 
a weight for the line, and is made of a variegated white and dark 
colored stone. Other sinkers, of ivory, have a portion of the surface 
blackened, and some of the stone sinkers have an ivory cap. A large 
collection of these objects was obtained, from which typical examples 
have been selected for illustration. 
A specimen from the Diomede islands (figure 32, plate Lxrx) is a 
piece of bone, discolored to a chocolate-brown, pierced with a hole and 
erooved near the upper end to receive the line. The lower end has 
a hole for fastening the leader for the hook. The lower end represents 
the head of a fish, with an incision for the mouth; a blue bead repre- 
sents one eye and a piece of lead the other, Another example from 
