194 THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT [ETH. ANN. 18 
grooved pattern extends down their backs and the fore-flippers are . 
indicated by etched lines. 
A grotesquely made reel of deerhorn, from Sledge island, is shown in 
figure 26, plate Lxxul. One end is ornamented with the head of a wolf; 
the opposite side is forked to represent the legs of the animal, and two 
forked arms at the other end represent the hind-limbs. 
A reel of deerhorn from Sabotnisky (figure 25, plate Lxxir) has the 
tops of the arms at one end, as well as one of the arms at the other 
end, carved in the shape of animal heads. On the sides are etched 
patterns. 
Figure 23, plate Lxxu1, from Cape Nome, and figure 22 of the same 
plate, from Kigiktauik, represent deerhorn reels without ornament. 
FISH SPEARS 
In the fall season holes are made in the ice at places where the water 
is sufficiently clear to render objects visible several feet below the sur- 
face. Through these holes fish are speared, and large quantities of 
whitefish and pickerel are obtained by this method. 
Figure 3, plate LXV, shows a typical example of these fish spears 
from St Michael. It consists of a wooden shaft about six feet in length, 
with a sharp, deerhorn point, surrounded by narrow pieces of deer- 
horn with triangular points which are secured by a lashing to a 
shoulder on the shaft. At the base of these points a wooden crossbar, 
fastened by a strong leather cord, holds the points in their relative 
position. When a fish is struck with the central point, the triangular 
sidepieces spread a little, grasp the fish firmly with their inner edges, 
and hold it until it can be drawn out of the water. A somewhat simi- 
lar fish spear from Razbinsky (figure 5, plate Lxvit) has the central 
point barbed, instead of smooth as in the preceding specimen; the 
sidepieces are fastened against a shoulder on the shaft by rawhide 
cords, and the points are lashed across the ends in a similar manner. 
Figure 42, 1, represents a deerhorn prong for one of these fish spears 
from the lower Yukon. Another fish spear, from Razbinsky (plate 
LXVII, 6), has two points of reindeer horn with two notches on one 
side of each. A short-handle fish spear from the lower Yukon (plate 
LXvil, 4) has only one large, single barb point lashed against the 
side of the shaft. The head of a fish spear from Nunivak island, 
(plate Lxviit, 1) has the ceritral point surrounded by six others, 
inserted in slits in the end of the shaft and held in place by a lashing 
of spruce root. All of these points are barbed for about four inches 
along one edge. 
A small fish spear from Nunivak island (figure 2, plate Lxv1) has a 
central point, surrounded by three other points, forming a triangle; 
these points are inserted in the shaft and held in position by a rounded 
ivory ferule. The shaft is very slender, round in cross section, and 
