210 THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT [ETH. ANN. 18 
The Eskimo to the southward of Bering strait use short-handle whips 
with a long lash, generally of braided rawhide, largest just in front of 
its attachment to the handle and tapering to a point at the end, which 
is provided with a sealskin cracker. 
The ferules used on the handles of these whips vary considerably 
in form, as is shown in the specimens illustrated. One example, from 
St Lawrence island (figure 7, plate Lxxv1), is slightly spoon-shape in 
outline, projecting spur-like on one side. A round ferule from the 
Diomede islands (figure 11, plate Lxxyr) is of walrus ivory and has a 
lobe-like projection on each side. Figure 9, plate Lxxvi, shows a 
round ivory ferule from Sledge island, with a carving representing the 
head of a white bear projecting on one side. Another, from Point 
Hope (figure 10, plate LXXv1), is a small ivory specimen with a flattened 
spur on one side, 
In many localities I found in use swivels made of bone, deerhorn, 
ivory, or wood, which were fastened to the cords by which dogs were 
attached to stakes or other objects, to prevent the cords from becoming 
twisted by the movement of the animals. 
Figure 13, plate LXXvVI, represents a large wooden swivel of this 
kind from Razbinsky, on the lower Yukon. It consists of a round 
wooden rod, deeply notched on one side, with a hole pierced through 
the head formed by the notch, through which is inserted a stout 
wooden rod with a large head. In the opposite ends of the two rods 
are holes in which cords are fastened. 
Swivels exactly similar in design, but made of deerhorn or ivory, 
were obtained on the Diomede islands, St Lawrence island, on Kowak 
river at the head of Kotzebue sound, and at Point Belcher on the 
Arctic coast. Figure 2, plate LXxxvI, represents one of these ivory 
swivels from the Diomede islands. 
Another style of swivel used similarly to the preceding, as well as on 
dog harness to prevent the lines from becoming twisted, is made by 
inserting a large-head rod of deerhorn or ivory in a hole in the center 
of a square or oval block of the same material, around the borders of 
which are four holes, to which are attached cords with their ends 
fastened together a few inches beyond their starting points. Figure 
12, plate LXXvI, shows such a swivel from Unalaklit, made of deer- 
horn, with a square block on the head. Another swivel of this char- 
acter, with an oval head (figure 6, plate Lxxvyz), is from Cape Nome. 
A similar speciinen was obtained on Kowak river. 
A deerhorn swivel from the lower Yukon (figure 8, plate LXxvI) has 
a head roughly triangular in shape, with two holes for the lines; through 
another hole in the center is a deerhorn rod with a large head and with 
a hole at the small end for the attachment of a cord. 
In addition to swivels, smail, double-eye blocks are also commonly 
used on dog harness; these are cut from bone, deerhorn, or ivory, and 
have holes passing through them in two directions. Blocks of this 
