260 THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT [ETH. ANN. 18 
laterally or turned at an angle, as if to cut off a draft; but it is possible 
this may have been caused by starting at both ends of the tunnel when 
excavating it and failing to meet in a direct line. The houses had two 
sets of broad sleeping benches on the right and left sides of the room. 
Over the center of the floor was a square hole in the roof; just back of 
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Fic. 87—Section of house on St Lawrence island. 
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this a round opening had been made, in which was fitted a large ver- 
tebra of a whale hollowed out to form a short cylinder, serving as a 
smoke hole or ventilator, which could be left open during stormy 
weather when the larger opening was covered. The accompanying 
section of one of these houses (figure 87) explains the method of their 
construction. 
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Fic. 88—Summer camp at Hotham inlet. 
At Cape Espenberg, on Kotzebue sound, in July, 1881, we found a 
camp of traveling Malemut. They had several low, round-top tents, 34 
to 4 feet high and 6 to 7 feet wide, made of drilling drawn over slender 
poles crossed and bent, with their ends thrust into the ground. One 
conical lodge, also covered with drilling, was about 10 feet high and 8 
feet in diameter on the ground. 
. 
