NELSON] RUINS AT CAPE WANKAREM 265 
passageway leading into them, the entire structure having been partly 
underground. 
The Eskimo of East cape, Siberia, said that there were many old 
village sites along the coast in that vicinity. These houses had stone 
foundations, many of which are still in place. There is a large ruined 
village of this kind near the one still oceupied on the cape. 
On the extreme point of Cape Wankarem, and at its greatest eleva- 
tion, just above the present camp of the reindeer Chukchi, a series of 
three sites of old Eskimo villages were found. The accompanying 
sketch map of the cape shows the relative sites of these villages, and 
also indicates another fact which may give a slight clew to the age of 
one of them. 
Fic. 92—Sites of ancient villages at Cape Wankarem, Siberia. 
Number 1 is the site of a village which at present contains the ruins 
of three houses; other houses have evidently been washed away by the 
encroachment of the sea. These three houses are of mound shape, with 
a pit or depression in the middle, and a trench-like depression lead- 
ing out from each of them toward the sea shows the position of the 
entrance passage. Numerous ribs and jawbones of whales lie scattered 
about, and the decaying end of a whale’s jawbone, projecting through 
the top of one of the mounds, shows the material used in framing them. 
Number 2 represents a series of five similar house sites, facing the 
dotted area on the sketch map; and at number 3 is indicated still 
another series of ten house sites like the preceding, all unquestionably 
of Eskimo origin. 
Number 4 is the site of the present Chukchi camp, consisting of skin 
lodges, as we found it at the time of our visit. No recent whale bones 
