280 THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT (ETH. ANN. 18 
the edge of the box. The face is painted red, the back of the head 
black, and the cover bluish. 
Another box from Chalitmut (figure 24, plate Lxxxv1) is carved in 
shape of a bear’s head; it is painted black, with the open mouth and 
nostrils in red; one eye is formed by an incised circle with a black cen- 
ter, the other is an oval incision with a small fragment of glass set in 
the center to represent the pupil. The cover is ingeniously made so 
that the lower jaw of the open mouth serves as a thumb-piece by which 
it can be raised. There is a circular orifice in the head into which the 
cover fits, with a flaring rim, forming a continuous outline with the 
body of the box. 
An oval wooden quid box from Kushunuk (figure 10, plate Lxxxv1) 
has the top and the bottom neatly fitted; a groove is incised around 
the side and three grooves in the cover, which has a rawhide loop. 
Round ivory pegs are inlaid on all the surfaces; it is painted bluish 
and the grooves are red. 
An ivory quid box from Unalaklit (figure 19, plate Lxxxyr) has 
carved on the surface, in relief, the figures of four seals. A braided 
grass cord is attached for a handle, and the bottom is closed by a 
wooden stopper. The cover has been lost. 
PIPES 
The tobacco pipes used by the Eskimo on the mainland and adja- 
cent islands of northern Alaska vary considerably in different locali- 
ties, as shown in the series illustrated, but in general their remarkable 
likeness to pipes used in China and Japan is noteworthy, and suggests 
the source whence the patterns were derived. All of them have a 
sinall, cylindrical bowl, with a flaring top of greater or less breadth. 
The bowls are ordinarily made of stone, lead, or copper. They are set 
on the end of the stem and held in place by rawhide or sinew cord 
passed around the stem or through holes pierced in it. 
Exceptions to this style are found in some pipes from Kotzebue 
sound, Cape Prince of Wales, Cape Nome, and St Lawrence island, 
which are made with the bowl and the stem in one piece; but in general 
character they are similar to the others. 
Pipe stems are usually of wood, with a mouthpiece of bone or ivory, 
although sometimes the wood itself is rounded to serve this purpose, 
or it may be tipped with an empty brass or copper cartridge shell, with 
a hole bored in the head. On Norton sound and in the Yukon district 
the stems are made usually of two pieces of wood, hollowed out and 
lashed together with a rawhide cord, so that they can be separated to 
obtain the nicotine, which is removed occasionally and mixed with the 
chewing tobacco. 
On the coast of Bering strait and at Cape Nome, Port Clarence, 
Cape Prince of Wales, Sledge island, and Kotzebue sound, the pipes, 
which are made in one piece, have small, door-like pieces fitted neatly 
