NELSON] PIPES 281 
in the lower part of the stem, which can be removed at will to enable 
the owner to clean out the accumulated nicotine. Each pipe is usually 
provided with a small metal implement, which is used for cleaning the 
bowl and for tamping the tobacco; it is attached to the stem by a string 
or band of beads, or sometimes by a strip of tanned rawhide. 
In addition to those described, there are handsomely ornamented 
pipes made of ivory, with metal bowls. These are not very numerous, 
but were seen at widely separated localities from the Yukon mouth 
northward through Bering strait to Kotzebue sound. They are of the 
ordinary type, but have a narrow stem, beveled on four sides, and are 
handsomely ornamented with etched scenes, illustrating native customs 
and life, similar in general style to the etchings on drill bows. 
Figure 13, plate LXxXxvul, represents a wooden mold used by the 
Eskimo for casting the wide-mouth leaden bowls for their pipes. It 
was obtained at St Michael. It consists of five pieces; the two side 
pieces in which the shape of the pipe is excavated are held together by 
sinew cords in notches at each end; below a square stick forms the 
base, on which stands a small, upright. round stick to form the hole in 
Fic. 94—Pipe from Kotzebue sound (about 4). 
the bottom of the bowl, on the inside of which is a ring of wood with 
five spoke-like projections reaching to the edge of the mold, which 
Serves to produce the pattern that is seen on the bowls of many of the 
pipes. A round wooden cover fits snugly over the top of the mold, 
which has a round hole in the center through which the molten lead is 
poured. 
From among the large number of pipes obtained from widely sepa- 
rated localities, the following specimens have been selected for illus- 
tration as representing the principal varieties found among them: 
A pipe from Kotzebue sound (figure 94) is a huge affair, very heavy 
and clumsy. The wooden stem, 18 inches in length and 3 inehes in 
diameter near the bowl, is beveled to form eight sides, and has two 
neatly fitted square tablets, about 44 inches long, fitted into its lower 
side; these have a projection on one end to enable them to be lifted out 
for the purpose of extracting the accumulated nicotine. The bowl of 
the pipe is of lead, and several roughly oval pieces of the same metal 
are inlaid on the stem near the bowl; the mouthpiece is a tapering 
tube of lead about 24 inches in length. 
