NELSON] PIPES 283 
than the preceding, with a tapering wooden stem on which is mounted 
a neatly made copper bow], with openwork patterns on the flaring rim, 
and with shoulders for the cord by which it is attached to the stem. 
Two narrow tablets are inserted on the lower side of the stem, and the 
front end is excavated and the hole closed by a wooden plug; the mouth- 
piece is of ivory, neatly made and fitted into the wood, the joint being 
covered with a ferrule made from a brass cartridge shell. 
The pipe from Cape Nome (figure 8, plate Lxxxvur) is somewhat 
similar in shape to the preceding and has a well-made copper bowl and 
a wooden stem, in which are two holes; through them a cord is passed 
and wrapped around shoulders on the bowl, making two or three turns 
on each side, the ends being fastened by tucking them under. In the 
front of the stem is a small wooden plug with a projecting end to 
enable the owner to remove it with his teeth; a small tablet is also 
fitted into a hole in the stem and provided with a tag of sealskin to 
facilitate its removal. The well-made mouthpiece of ivory is fitted into 
the wood and the joint is wrapped with sinew cord. A small iron: 
picker is attached to the upper part of the stem by a string of beads 
about seven inches in length. 
A pipe from Port Clarence (figure 7, plate Lxxxvui1) is very similar in 
Shape to the preceding, but its bowl is made from soft stone lashed on 
with sinew cord passed around the end of the stem. The mouthpiece 
consists of a small cartridge shell fitted into the wood, and over the 
joint is a copper thimble. 
Figure 10, plate Lxxxvm1, represents a pipe of the style generally in 
use about Norton sound and southward to the lower Kuskokwim. The 
wooden stem is split lengthwise and the two parts are held together by 
a continuous wrapping of sealskin cord, which serves also to hold the 
leaden bowl in position on the stem. The bowl is neatly made, with 
openwork around the flaring rim. The mouthpiece is a copper car- 
tridge shell fitted over the end of the stem. Aniron picker is attached 
to the stem by a band of beads made of six strings, separated by leather 
spacers and fastened by the lashing on the stem. 
A pipe with a stem similar to the preceding (figure 6, plate LXXXVI1) 
isfrom Point Hope. A mouthpiece of walrus ivory is fitted to the stem 
by a copper cartridge shell. The flaring rim of the bowl is made from 
bituminous coal lined with a thin sheet of iron, and is set directly on 
the stem without the usual neck-piece between. An iron picker is 
attached to the stem by a rawhide strap fastened with a sinew cord. 
At present pipe bowls generally are made of metal, copper and lead 
being most in use, but formerly stone bowls, similar in shape, were 
common, and a few specimens of these were obtained, principally from 
the vicinity of Bering strait. 
Figure 12, plate LXxxv1u, represents one of these bowls, made of 
hard, olive-gray stone. It was obtained at Nubviukhehugaluk. 
A bowl made of walrus ivory (figure 14, Lxxxvuir) was dug trom the 
