322 THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT [BTH. ANN, 18 
length in shallow pits made by removing the rocks, and were covered 
with stones. Along the edges of the graves lines of small stones were 
arranged in arude oval. Over the heads of some of them were piled 
four or five pairs of reindeer antlers. 
A musket and numerous spears, with other implements, all broken 
so as to render them useless, were scattered about. Many of the 
bodies had been laid upon the ground and surrounded by an oval of 
stones, with a stick of driftwood at the foot, exactly as in graves seen 
on St Lawrence island. At none of those made in this manner were 
there any implements or other things deposited, and they may have 
been the burial places of people from St Lawrence island. 
At Point Hope, just beyond Kotzebue sound, was a large graveyard, 
in which the bodies were placed in rude boxes built of driftwood, above 
the ground, and surrounded by implements. Still north of this, at 
Cape Lisburne, I found a solitary grave on the side of a ravine by the 
shore. It was an irregularly walled inclosure in rectangular shape, 
about 3 feet high, 3 feet wide, and 6 feet long, built of fragments of 
slate rock, and covered with drift logs. This grave was very old, as 
the skeleton was nearly destroyed by weathering, and no implements 
whatever were found. 
TOTEMS AND FAMILY MARKS 
From Kuskokwimn river northward to the shores of Bering strait and 
Kotzebue sound the Eskimo have a regular system of totem marks 
and the accompanying subdivision of the people into gentes. It was 
extremely difficult to obtain information on this point, but the follow- 
ing notes are sufficiently definite to settle the fact of the existence 
among them of gentes and totemic signs: 
Pictures, carvings, or devices of any kind, totemic or otherwise, are 
called é/-lhin-uk by the Unalit. People belonging to the same gens 
are considered to be relatives, termed w-jo/-hik’ by the Unalit. 
Fic. 108—Arrowpoint showing wolf totem signs (4). 
The gray wolf is called kig'-t-lun'-ik; the wolf totem or mark, 
kig-t-lun'-ti-go!-wk; the wolf gens, kig!-w-lun’-ti-go-dlh'-i-git. 
Arrows or other weapons marked with the sign of the wolf or other 
animal totem mark are believed to become invested with some of the 
qualities of the animal represented and to be endowed with special 
fatality. 
Among other totem marks that of the wolf is well represented on 
some arrows with deerhorn points, used for large game by a party 
of Malemut who were hunting reindeer on Nunivak island. These 
arrows have two isolated barbs with a line along their base to repre- 
sent a wolf’s. back with upstanding ears, which are indicated by the 
