340 THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT [ETH. ANN, 18 
a square fall on the back without the aid of tripping or any other use 
of the feet or legs, except as supports. This is generally done for sport, 
but I was told that in ancient times disputed claims for women were 
sometimes settled in thismanner. A stranger, upon arrival ina village, 
is frequently challenged to wrestle with the local champion. Powerful 
men are very rough in this sport, and one method is to attempt by a 
terrific hug to crush the opponent. One old man told me that he had 
seen the blood gush from a wrestler’s mouth and nose from the pressure 
of his antagonist. I heard of an instance where a white man visiting 
the village of the Malemut at Kotzebue sound during the winter was 
repeatedly challenged to wrestle by one of the villagers. TJ inally, the 
annoyance became so great that the stranger accepted the challenge, 
and, being an extremely powerful man, seized the Eskimo and dashed 
him to the floor of the kashim so heavily that he was badly hurt. This 
was considered quite legitimate and the stranger was not molested 
further. 
KNEE WALKING (chis-ku/mi-tk')—(St Michael). The young men of 
a village kneel on the plank flooring of the kashim and holding their 
feet up with their hands walk about on bare knees, each trying to 
outdo the others in endurance. 
HIGH JUMPING (kit/-khuk)—(St Michael). A stick is held or fas- 
tened above the floor at a certain distance and the young men try to 
excel in leaping over it, the stick gradually being raised to the limit of 
the jumpers’ powers. 
HORIZONTAL JUMPING (mi-chikh-ték)—(St Michael). The jumpers 
in this game practice it either outside of or within the kashim. A mark 
is made from which the jumping is done and another on the ground or 
floor scores the point reached by each. 
HuRDLE JUMPING (ya’-li-ku/-juk)—(St Michael). Four umiak oars 
are placed at an equal distance apart around the sides of the kashim, 
about breast high above the floor; the contestants start in pairs, jump- 
ing over them one after the other until one of each pair is defeated by 
failing to clear one of the oars. 
Foor RACING (tik-whaun')—(St Michael). This is a favorite sport 
among the Eskimo and is practiced usually in autumn when the new 
ice is formed. The race extends from one to several miles, the course 
usually lying to and around some natural object, such as an island or 
a point of rocks, then back to the starting point. 
KAIAK RACING (pan-ti-gaun’)—(St Michael). The men, each in his 
kaiak, are ranged side by side near the shore, and then at a signal 
paddle around a rock or islet, the winner being he who first touches 
the shore on returning to the starting point. 
Umiak races are also conducted in the same way, and hunters engage 
in contests in throwing seal and walrus spears of various kinds. 
From Kuskokwim river to Cape Prince of Wales, on both the main- 
land and the islands, children of both sexes were found using tops. 
