~ 
346 THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT (ETH. ANN. 18 
which is wound a piece of spruce root to atford a firm grip. Another 
deerhorn knife, from Big lake (figure 11, plate xCtIv), is very plainly 
made. <A well-made deerhorn knife from the lower Kuskokwim (figure 
13, plate xcIv) has the handle pierced with a large hole from which a 
slit extends forward. 
Figure 6, plate XcIv, represents a 
handsome ivory knife, obtained on 
Togiak river by Mr Applegate. 
The handle is curiously slit, with a 
cross-bar in the opening, and an or- 
dinary conventional design is etched 
on the surface. Another knife, obtained also by Mr Applegate at the 
same place (figure 8, plate xcrv), is of deerhorn and is elaborately 
etched. The end of the handle is carved to represent the head of a 
bird, probably a gerfaleon. A well-made ivory knife from Nulukhtulo- 
gumut (figure 10, plate XcIv) has the handle carved to represent the 
FiG. 133—Toy bear (4). 
Fic. 1234—Toy kaiak from St Lawrence island (4). 
head of asalmon. A small and rather rudely made ivory knife from 
Ikogmut (figure 12, plate xcrv) also has the handle carved in the shape 
of a salmon-head. 
A large number of these knives were collected, most of them being 
carved and etched in great variety of pattern. Many of these objects 
in the National Museum repre- 
sent localities trom the extreme 
southern limit of the Alaskan 
Eskimo nearly to Point Barrow. 
These knives are rarely used 
for any other purpose than as 
toys; the children play with 
them in winter, cutting up the : 
hard, drifted snow, or marking FiG. '35—Ivory image of man and bear (3). 
thereon various fantastic fig- 
ures representing mammals, birds, or other fancies. In a village south 
of the Yukon mouth I saw children make figures of animals in the 
snow and then run about cutting them up with their knives, evidently 
imitating the killing of game by the hunters. 
Figure 131 represents a toy figure of a white bear, which was 
obtained on the Diomede island. It is made of wood and has a raw- 
