SPINDLE VVHOKLS. 



141) 



ti.t^ures su{)])08e(l to ivprt'seiit the mooii and the stars are in black. In 

 tlie illustratidu the reds of the original are represented by vertical 

 tint lines and the brownish grays by liorizontal tint lines. The black 

 is in solid color. 



MISCELLANEOUS OB.JECTS OF CLAY. 



As primitive peoples advance in culture and the various branches 

 of art ai'e dift'erentiated, each of the materials employed is made to 

 till a wider and wider sjihere of usefulness. Clay, applied at first to 

 vessel making and used j)erhai)s as an auxiliary in a nunil)er of avts 

 in which it took no definite or individual shapes, gradually extended 

 its dominion until almost every art was in a measure dependent upon 

 it or in some way utilized it. The extent of this expansion of avail- 

 ability is in a general way a measure of the advancement of the races 

 concerned. The Chiriquians employed clay in the construction of 

 textile machinery, as shown by the occurrence of spindle whorls, and 

 a number of small receptacles, probably needlecases, are constructed 

 of that material. It was employed in the manufacture of stools, 

 statuettes, drums, rattles, and whistles. With less cultured races, 

 such as the Pueblo and mound builders of the nortli. siicli articles 

 were rarely manufactured, while with the more cultured nations of 

 Mexico and Peru a wider field was covered and tlie work was con- 

 siderably suiJerior. 



SPINDLE WHORLS. 



The art of weaving was carried to a high degree of perfection by 

 many of tlie American races, but the i)rocesses employed were of the 

 simplest kind. The threads were spun upcni wooden spindles weighted 



