WHISTLKS. 



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several varieties of small birds, alligators, crabs, and scorpions. 

 Vegetal forms, excepting where in use as instruments or utensils, 

 as reeds and gourds, were not copied. In the National Museum col- 

 lection there are two tubular pipes, probably modeled after reeds, 

 and another resembles a gourd in shape. The construction of the 

 whistliiii; apparatus is identical in all cases and corresjjonds to that 

 of imv ll.ii;v(i|i.|s (see sections. Figs. 240 and 243). Plain tubes Avere 

 (loul)tless also used as whistles, and all iitensils of small size, such as 

 needlecases and toy vases, can be made to give forth a note more or 

 less shrill, according to the size of the chamber. The simplest form 

 of whistle ])r()dnres two shrill notes identical in pitch. The shape is 



double, suggesting a primitive condition of the tibite jiares of the 

 Romans. The parts are pear or gourd shaped, are joined above and 

 below, and have an opening between the necks. The two mouth- 

 pieces are so close together that both ai'e necessarily blown at once. 

 The note produced is pitched very high and is extremely penetrating. 



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not to say ear splitting, making an excellent call For the jungles and 

 forests of the tropics. A small specimen is presented full size in Fig. 

 239, and the section in Fig. 240 shows the relative positions of the 

 mouthpieces, air passages, vent holes, and chambers. 



Reed shaped instruments are furnished with passages and orifices 

 corresponding to the other forms. The chamber is tubular and the 

 lower end is open, and the finger holes, when present, are on the upjxM- 

 side of the cylinder. One exami)le without finger holes has two notes 

 nearly an octave apart, which are produced, the higher with the tube 

 open and the lower with it closed. Perhaps the most satisfactory 

 instrument in the whole collection, so far as range is ctjncerned, is 

 shown in Fig. 241. and a section is given in Fig. 242. It is capable 

 (jf yielding the notes indicated in tlie accompanying scale: First, a 

 Mornial series of eight sounds, produced as shown in the diagram, and, 

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