1(;4 ANCIKNI' ART OK THK l-Hovr.VCK OK CHIKK^l I. 



;is each can be made to vary two or tliree degrees by changing the force 

 uf the breath. The tones produced by a breath of average force are 



indicated as nearly as may be in the accompanying scale. They 

 will be found to occur nearer the lower than the upper limit of their 



ranges. It should be observed that the capacity for variation jjos- 

 sessed by each of these notes enables the skilled performer to glide 

 from one to the other without interruption. This instrument is, 

 therefore, within its limited range, as capable of adjusting itself to afty 

 succession of inter\als as is tlic troinlmni' i>v the violin. I do not im- 

 agine, ]i(jwc\-rr. tliat till' alMiii^;iiial ]iri-|i )i-iiici- niadi' any systematic 

 use of tills 2)o\vi_'r or that tlie instrument was jmrposdy so const nu'ted. 

 It will be seen by reference to the scale that stopping the oritice in 

 the end opposite the mouthpiece changes the notes half a tone, or 

 perhaps, if accurately measuivd. a little less than that. 



Our collecti(.in contains sr'\('i'al clozon lliioo note whistles oi' pijies. 

 Most of these represent animal forms, wlilch are treated in a more or 

 le.ss realistic way, but with a decided tendency toward the grotesqiie. 

 Nearly all are of small size, the largest, an alligator form, having a 

 length of about eight inches. In the animal figures the air chamber 

 is within tlie body, but does not conform closely to the exterior shape. 

 The mouthpieces and the orifices are variously placed, to suit the fancy 

 of the modeler, but the construction and the powers are jjretty uniform 

 throughout. There are two finger holes, placed in some cases at 

 equal and in others at unequal distances from the mouthpiece, but 

 they are always of equal size and produce identical notes. The 

 capacity is therefore three notes. The lower is produced when all the 

 oi-ifices are open, the higher when all are closed, and the middle when 

 one hole — no matter which — is closed. 



Besides the animal forms there are a number of shapes copied from 

 other musical instruments (jr from objects of art, such as vases. A 

 very interesting specimen, illustrated in Fig. 247, modeled in imita- 



