BOAS.] DISTRIBUTION OF THE TRIBES. 437 



Fjord, thus avoiding a much longer journey around the large penin- 

 sula projecting to the eastward. A similar pass farther east connects 

 Tornait and Kangertlukjuaq. 



The ruins of a third settlement of the Qinguamiut are foiind at 

 Tulukan on Qeqertelung. 



The next subtribe to be treated is the Kingnaitmiut, who are now 

 located exclusively upon Qeqerten. Formerly they lived in several 

 places — for instance, near Pangnirtung and on Miliaqdjuin — bvit 

 for a long time they have gathered on Qeqerten, as two whaling 

 stations are established here,* many natives being in the service of 

 the whalers. The island is the largest settlement of the sound. It 

 is a favorite resort during the fall and the first part of winter. In 

 November and December, before the ice of the sound consolidates, 

 the ice east of the islands is the best hunting ground. Later that 

 west of the islands is preferred. There is one disadvantage pecul- 

 iar to Qeqerten which is not shared by the other settlements, namely, 

 the f ohn-like winds which often blow for many days from Kingnait 

 Fjord with irresistible violence. These confine the natives to their 

 huts, though a few miles north or south calm weather prevails. 

 Should fair weather ensue, the snow, which has been firmly packed 

 by these gales, affords a good hunting ground ; but if, on the other 

 hand, long spells of bad weather follow, want and hunger may be the 

 result. The young seals are eagerly pursued all about Qeqerten. 



In Pangniitung and in the little valley Niutang, in Kingnait, well 

 up in tlusi- fjiiiils. are the ruins of two large, ancient settlements. 

 The C(_)ii(liti()Hs which formerly enabled the natives to live here will 

 be mentioned later. 



The Kingnaitmiut go deer hunting to Kitingujang. at the head of 

 Kingnait Fjord; to Nirdlirn, in the bay behind Augiialugtung and. 

 Sednirun;to Pangnirtung; or to the more southern fjords Ejaluaq- 

 djuin and Kaugertlukdjuaq. 



I shall describe the districts occupied by the Kingnaitmiut, Sau- 

 mingmiut, and Padlimiut together, as they all bear a uniform char- 

 acter. 



From Nirdlirn the mountains of Ussualung or the highland near 

 Ukiuqdjuaq are visited. The same country is traveled over from 

 Pangnirtung, where the settlement is established either above Qor- 

 dlubing or opposite Aulitiving. The deep valley, with its numeious 

 glaciers, adjoining Pangnirtung and connecting Cumberland Sound 

 and Davis Strait is rarely visited. 



The favorite place for the settlement is Kitingujang in Kingnait. 

 In the river which empties here many salmon are caught, and the 

 declivities of the neighboring highlands, which are less steep than 

 those of Pangnirtung, afford ample oppf)rtunity for long hunting 

 excursions. Deer are found on the mountains, for here they escape 



