BOAS.] TRADE AND INTERCOURSE. 463 



shores of Ungava Bay and the easiivii sIkhv of TTudsou Bay. This 

 report differs somewhat from the ,-i((i>uiits <>l' 1lic [Moravian mission- 

 aries who have intercourse with tin' inlKil)it;ints nf Ungava Bay near 

 Cape Chidleigh. From their reports four tribes may be distinguished : 

 the Kangivamiut of George River, the Kouksoarmiut of Big River, 

 the Ungavamiut of Hope Advance Bay (which is properly named 

 Ungava). and the Itivimiut of Hudson Bay. I am rather undecided 

 whether Ungava is a bay or a large strait separating Cape Wolsten- 

 holme and the adjacent land from the continent, as the name Ungava 

 is also reported south of Cape Wolstenholme. The inhabitants of 

 this shore are the Itivimiut of the Labrador Eskimo and the Igdlu- 

 miut of the natives of Baffin Land. Probably the intercourse be- 

 tween Sikosuilaq and Cape Wolstenholme is of no great importance. 

 The Sikosuilarmiut visit Trinity Islands (Nannu^ragassain) in skin 

 boats to hunt walrus and cross by the three islands Tudjaraaq'djung, 

 Akugdlirn, and Tudjaqdjuara'hing to the opposite shore of Hudson 

 Sti-ait. The passage across the strait is considered very dangerous, 

 and therefore is rarely undertaken. The natives do not utter a single 

 word during the long passage; they believe a destructive gale might 

 be conjured up if they did. Only once have natives been met Avitli 

 on Salisbury Island (Lyon, Attempt to reach Repulse Bay, p. 128), 

 but it is doubtful whether they belonged to the northern or to the 

 southern shore of the strait. As for the rest, the passage is only 

 known to me by reports I received in Cumberland Sound, which were 

 confirmed by the whalers visiting the northern shore of Hudson 

 Strait. I do not know whether any intercourse exists between Siko- 

 suilaq and Southampton Island. It is worth remarking that on 

 Mansfield Island numerous ruins of Eskimo habitations have been 

 found (Gordon, Report on the Hudson's Bay Expedition, 1884, p. 38). 



The Qaumauangmiut are connected with the Nugumiut in the 

 same manner as with' the Akuliarmiut, and many are said to win- 

 ter near North Bay, which is also visited by the Akuliarmiut. From 

 Hall's reports it would appear that many are settled in Frobisher Bay. 



At present till' intfi-cdursi- between the Xu^umiut and theOqomiut 

 is of no significaiiei'. .-k iii.iii\- \ I'.irs iii;i\- pass without a journey being 

 made from one tribe to tlie otliei-. Formerly, when many whalers 

 visited Cumberland Sound and Field Bay, a number of Nugumiut 

 immigrated to the sound, and consequently almost half of the Eskimo 

 now settled on the western shoreof Cumberlaml Round were born in 

 Nugumiut or Ukadliq. At the same time iiiaii\ (Kioiniul settlinl 

 among the Nugumiut. That period was doubtless an exeeptional 

 one; at any rate, the long stretch of uninhabited shore between the 

 settlements of the two tribes is not favorable to intimate intercourse. 

 Indeed, even now the Nugumiut are considered strangers in the 

 sound, and, notwithstanding the existence of many intermarriages 

 between the tribes, a number of families are not at all acquainted 



