boas] hunting op land animals. .1)01 



The narwhal and tlie white wliale are hunted in the same way as 

 the walrus and the right whale. There are a few shallow bays to 

 which the white whale resorts in the summer. If a shoal of them 

 has entered such a bay, the Eskimo take to their boats and kayaks, 

 and by throwing stones frighten them into the shallowest part, where 

 they are easily harpooned. 



DEER, MUSK OX, AND BEAR HUNTINr, 



When the snow has melted and the short summer is at hand the 

 Eskimo start for the deer hunt. The tribes possessed of firearms can 

 easily procure deer all the year round, particularly where uneven laud 

 facilitates their approach toward the herd ; but in summer the hunt 

 is most important, as it is the only season in Avhich deerskins are fit 

 for clothing. 



The favorite method of hunting is to attack the deer in the jjonds 

 when swimming from one side to tlie other. In many places the deer 

 in their migrations are in the habit of crossing the narrow parts of 

 lakes, and here the natives lie in ambush with their kayaks. In other 

 places they are driven into the water by the Eskimo and attacked by 

 the drivers or by hunters stationed on the lake. Favorite places for 

 such a chase are narrow peninsulas, generally called nedlung. The 

 Eskimo deploy into a skirmish line and slowly drive the herd to the 

 point of the peninsula, whence the deer, the retreat being ciit oft', take 

 to the water. 



If tlie shore be too straight to permit this method of hunting, 

 they drive the deer to a hill stretching to the lake. A line of cairns 

 (inugsung) is erected on the top, intended to deceive the deer, whicli 

 believe them a new line of InuittTs ;i]i])r(>aching from the opposite 

 side. They take to the wati-r. as thi'v src no retreat. If there are 

 no hills a line of cairns is I'recttMl in sume part of the plain. Such 

 monuments are found all over the country, most of them ]ia\'ing the 

 appearance of being very old. 



Ass()(iiiasthiMlrei'an'"in flic wat.T fin- ii.-itivrs pursue lliciu in tlieir 

 kayaks, and as th.-ir Imals aiv pi'opcllcil niudi ni.nc s\viltl,\ than the 

 animals can swim Ihi-yarc ipiickly ()\i'rtaki'n ami killed w itii tliespear 

 (kapun). Sometimes the wounded deer will turn upon the boat, in 

 which cases the hunter must make his escape witli the utmost sjjeed, 

 else he will be capsized or the skin of the boat will lie torn to pieces 

 by the animal's antlers. 



In some of the narrow valleys with steep faces on botli sides the 

 deer are driven toward the hunters. As there is no chance for escape 

 on either side they are killed by the men whe lie in ambush. A 

 remarkable tradition referring to the deer hunts of a fabulous tribe 

 in these passes is frequently told by the Eskimo (see p. 035). 



Some places are particularly favorable to these methods of liunt- 



