514 



THE CENTRAL ESKIMO. 



land floe and the water. In some jjlaces they are so jjleutiful as to 

 fill the water completely. Here they are speared with the kakivang 

 (Fig. 453). This instrument consists of a handle which widens 

 towards the end: in tlic ciMii. / it lias :i jji-oii-'of bone or iron, and two 

 larger ones at tin- -i(lt>. ma.li'i.f ili't r ant l.TSdr musk ox horn. The.se 

 latter diverge and ai-c fnrnislicd witli a iHinenriron nail on the inner 

 side. The elasticity of these side prongs is increased by thongs or 

 strings holding them tightly together. If the salmon are very plen- 

 tiful no bait is needed and the natives cannot spear tlicin as ipiickly 

 as they swim along. When the ice is gone they arr ian:;lii in the 

 shallow rivers falling from the lakes into the sea. The uat i ves stand 

 on the bank or step into the water. A small ivory fish (Fig. io-t) 

 (e,Yalujang), tied by two or three holes in the back to a plaited string 

 of deer sinews, is used as a bait. Frequently bear's teeth are used 

 for bait. They are attached to a separate line which tlie hunter 

 continually moves up and down to attract the attention of the fish. 

 When the salmon comes near the bait it is speared with the kakivang. 

 In the left hand the fisherman holds an instrument for stringing the 

 fish (quqartaun), some illustrations of which are given in Fig. 455. 



Fig. 455. Quqartaun for .stringius fish, c (Museum fiir ViJlkerkunde. Beiiiu. IV A 6831.) 



It is made of ivory. A thong fastened to the hole of the instrument 

 has a thick knot at the opposite end. As soon as a salmon is caught 

 it is taken out of the nippers (kakivang) and the point of the 



