516 THE CENTRAL ESKIMO. 



carviug represented in Fig. 458 is used, the hook is tied to it by means 

 of two holes on the lower side of the fish, while the line passes through 

 its back. The fish, in coming near the bait, is generally caught by 

 the liook in the back or side. In this manner salmon, trout, and all 

 kinds of sea fish are caught. 



I myself have never seen any nets for fishing, but Klutschak 

 found them in use among the Utkusiksalik tribe, and Petitot (Les 

 grands Esquimaux, p. 378), among the natives of Anderson Eiver. 

 The Labrador Eskimo also use nets. 



MANUFACTURES. 

 MAKING LEATHER AND PREPARING SKINS. 



Most of the implements of the Eskimo are made of some part of 

 the animals which they pursue. The skins are used for clothing, for 

 building purposes, and for covering the frames of boats. Many im- 

 plements are made of bone, others of walrus tusks or narwhal hoi-n. 

 As wood is extremely scarce, bone or other parts of animals must 

 make up the deficiency. I shall here describe the methods of prej^ar- 

 ing these materials. 



Fig. 459. ButLher •, knife w ith boue handle (National Museum, Washington. :34lMO.) J 



The skin of the seal {Pagomys fd&tidiis) is dressed in different ways, 

 according to the purpose for which it is intended. In skinning the 

 animal a longitudinal cut is made across the belly with a common 

 butcher's knife (saving). Most natives have procured this useful 

 instrument and even in olden times a considerable number had 

 found their way from Hudson Bay territory to their countries. The 

 large knives of their own manufacture (pilaut) are of similar form, a 

 metal edge being inserted into an ivory blade. Figure -459 is a more 

 modern knife, an iron blade being fastened to a bone handle. 



