ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 629 



lOS. In 18G0, previously to the comnnncement of the Californian Oeo- 

 Injrical Survey, Dr. J. G.(;oiipL'r joined a military expedition across the Kooky 

 Mountains, under the command nf Major Blake, U.S.A. Havinj^ t'orwardtd 

 his notes and specimens to Judj^e Coo]>er, they vrere placed in the hands of 

 3Ir. Tliomas Bland, of New York. He prepared a '• Notice of Land and 

 Freshwater S^ipIIs, collected by Dr. J. G. Cooper in the Roeky Mountains, &c.,"' 

 •which appears in the * Ann. Lye. N. H. of N. York,' 18»il, pp. 'M2 et seij. 

 We have here Ihe judgment of one of the most distinguished students of 

 American land-soells, whose labours on the tropical forms huve accumulated 

 fricts so importan". in their bearing on tiie Darwinian controversy*. The fol- 

 lowing is an ou<^line of the Report, which is peculiarly valuable for the copious 

 iiijtes on the station and distribution of species : — 



>'o. 



L Jleli.r Toicnsendiana, Lea. " Both slopes of the Bitter Root Mountains, from 

 2200-5600 ft. high. Large var. at the base of the range to 4800 ft. Small 

 var. in dry prairie at junction of Hell-Gate and Bitter Root Rivers; also in 

 Wash. Ter., west of the Coast Mountains. The most wide-spread of the 

 species," J. G. C. ; Puget Sound, Cape Disappointment, teste Bland. 



2. Helix- Mullani, n.s., Bland. " I'nder logs and in drv pine-woods : dead, Cceur 

 d'Alene Mission : living, west side of Bitter Root Mountains," J. G. C. ; 

 St. Joseph's River, 1st Camp, Oregon, teste Bintifi/. Closely allied to H. Co- 

 lumbiana, hea„ = labiosa, Gld. A lx>autiful hyaline var. was found under a 

 stone, by the Bitter Ro.t River, 4000 ft. high". 



5. Helix jwhigyrella, n.s., Bland. " Moss and dead wood in dampest parts of 



spruce-forests ; common on the Cceur d'Alene Mountains, especially eastern 

 slope," J. G. C. Entirely unlike any other N. A. species, and having affi- 

 nity with H. polygyrata from Brazil. 

 4> Helix Vancouverensix, Lea,= //. (wkwy/. Bin. sen. olim, non postea, nee Say; 

 = H. vellicata, Fbs., certainly; =//. ajxirfella, Gld., probably. " West ,-ii!e 

 of Coeur d'Alene Mountains, W. T., in forests of Coniferae, such as it in- 

 habits west of the Cascade Range. Between these two ranges, for 200 mib s, 

 is a wide plain, quite iminhabitable for snails, on account of drought. Th s 

 sp. and H. Toicnsendiana probably travel round it through the northern 

 forests in lat. 49°," J. G. C. Also Crescent City, Cal., Nevcomb : Oregon 

 City, Whidby's Is., W. T. ; Mus. Bland. Found on the I'acitic slope, from 

 Puget Sound to San Diego. 



6. Helix striffosa, Gld. " /Estivating under pine-logs, on steep slope of shale, 



containing veins of lime, 4000 ft. high, near Bitter Root River, Rocky Moun- 

 tains," J. G. C. ; Big Horn Mountains, Nebraska : Rio Piedra, W. New 

 Mexico : teste Bland. One sp. reached N. York alive, and deposited six 

 young shells. [?May not these have been abnonnally hatched in the body 

 of the parent, from the unnatural confinement.] 



6. Heliv Cooperi, Binn., jun. " East side of Mullan's Pass, Rockv Mountains, 



W. T., at an elevation of 5500 ft.," J. G. C. ; Black Hills of Nebraska, Br. 

 V. Hnyden ; Big Horn Mountains, Nebraska ; west side of Wind River 

 Mountains ; Rio Piedra, W. N. Mexico, teste Bland. Passes by varieties 

 towards //. sfnyosa, Gld. Ilayden's shell from Bridger's Pass.Nebr., referred 

 to by Binn., jun., Journ. A. N. S. Phil. 1858, p. 115, as H. sulitaria, var., ia 

 the young of this species. 



7. H lix solifaria, Say. Both slopes of Cceur d'Alene Mts., 2500 feet high, J. G. C. 



Also Prairie States, teste Bland. 



8. Helix arborea. Say. " Damp bottom lands, along the lower valley of Hell-Gate 



River, 4500 ft. high," J. G. C. Found from Labrador to Texas, and from 

 Florida to Nebraska ; also on the River Chama, N. Mex. ; also Guadaloupe, 

 teste Beau and Fertissac, letter to Say, 1820 ; teste Bland. 



♦ Vide " Geographical Distribution of the Genera and Specie? of Land Shells of the 

 West Indies, &c.," by Thomas Bland. Reprinted from Ann. L^c. Xat. Hist., vol.viL Jfew 

 York 186i. 



115 



