EVOLUTION. 21 



them ; but we know now that the disuse of an organ 

 tends to its disappearance, and that a change in the 

 surroundings, and therefore in the habits of animals, 

 leads to changes in their structures. 



Man has shrunken muscles in his cheeks, such as 

 animals use to move their ears, and he has the re- 

 mains of a third inner eyelid which is common to 

 beasts. The finger can detect a little projection near 

 the top of the ear that is the vestige of formerly- 

 pointed ears. All mammals have two little bones in 

 the upper jaw, meeting in the centre of the face, and 

 called the mid-jaw bone. These were believed 

 not to exist in man, and their absence was claimed 

 as a strong proof of man's separate origin. But 

 Goethe, the great German poet and philosopher, was 

 so fully convinced of man's descent from animals that 

 he insisted that this mid-jaw bone must exist in man, 

 and at last he found it. It always exists in the human 

 embryo, but at an early period disappears by a union 

 with the upper-jaw bone. Men have remnants of 

 muscles used by animals to twitch the skin. 



Darwin says : " He who rejects with scorn the 

 belief that his own canines (teeth) and their occasional 

 great development in other men are due to our early 

 forefathers having been provided with these formi- 

 dable weapons, will probably reveal, by sneering, 

 the line of his descent. For though he no longer 

 intends nor has the power to use these teeth as 

 weapons, he will unconsciously retract his * snarling 



