APPENDIX G _ 22 — 



in the North Sea. More investigations are still wanted however, to elucidate the occurrence 

 of the young- eels, and we shall therefore not discuss this species any further. 



The flounder (Pleuronectes flesus) and the turbot (Rhombus maximus) occur in almost 

 the whole of the Baltic, and Sandman has this year shown that both species also spawn there. 

 But, though the adult plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) occurs in decreasing numbers as far as 

 the Stockholm archipelago, young fish of this species have never been found east of Bornholm, 

 though spawning plaice and eggs in quantity have been found east ofthat island (see Chart, PI. IX). 



Concerning the cod (Gadus callarias), that it occurs in great quantities at Finland has 

 been proved (Sandman), but it is improbable, to judge from the present investigations, that it 

 can spawn in the Baltic. It must therefore, like the plaice, wander into the inner parts of 

 the Baltic in half or quite developed condition. 



It can be readily understood that the unfavourable influence which the brackish water 

 exercises in general on the true salt-water species, is more fatal for the young than for the 

 larger fish; yet is impossible to say beforehand, which species can best resist the influence 

 of the brackish water in the young stages. For this, an exact investigation is necessary and 

 for each species, _ a task of Committee C 2. 



For the species of fish whose young cannot live in the Baltic, it will always be impossible 

 to do anything by artificial rearing. Special enquiries have often been made by fishermen of 

 these regions concerning this, yet to distinguish exactly which species could be reared and 

 which not, must be left to future investigations. 



d. The herring 



The herring has demersal eggs which are deposited as a rule on sandy or stony 

 bottom, and whose distribution is only ascertained with difficulty. A good method of finding 

 the spawning places was accordiagly to capture the newly escaped larvse. 



The spawing places on the Norwegian coast are but little known; the most northerly 

 places known hitherto were those of the Eomsdal bank. During the numerous fishery experi- 

 ments on the coastal banks, the small herring larvse were however, found in the last few years 

 in spring on the various small banks (Halten bank, Sklinna bank) up to 65° N. L. and after- 

 wards also, the spawning herring were taken in drift-nets and discovered in the stomachs of 

 ling. It has not yet been possible to make a systematic investigation of the occurrence of the 

 herring larvse either in the North Sea or in the region of the Norwegian coastal banks, as 

 so many and so difficult other problems had to be solved. 



At Iceland, Schmidt has shown that the young herring larvse are limited to the same 

 region as the young cod (see Section III). They were only found on the south and west coasts 

 of Iceland within the warm Atlantic water, and were absent in the cold water of the north 

 and east coasts. 



Information from the fishermen agrees with this; they state that they have never seen 

 spawning herring on the north and east coasts of Iceland. 



2. The older stages of fishes ("larger fishes") 

 It has already been shown, that the young of the various species of fishes occur differently 

 and live under different conditions, according as they belong to one or other species. It is 



