APPENDIX J: SWEDEN — 6 — 



The statistics for Halland give the cod, haddock, whiting and flounder (P. flesus) 

 combined; the flounder, however, is in insignificant proportion. 



The cod etc. is thus a heterogeneous collection. Further, the winter fishery carried 

 on by the large Bohuslän cutters in the Kattegat and Skager Rak, might have been included 

 under the same heading. The chief species taken are the ling, cod, haddock and halibut. 



The herring is chiefly the winter-herring of Bohuslän, which is taken by seines and 

 fixed gill-nets. It is of interest to note that this fishery can be traced back some centuries, 

 and like the herring fisheries elsewhere, has been subject to great fluctuations. From the 

 beginning of last century to the decade between 1870 — 80, the herring seem to have been 

 absent, at least, the fishery was of no importance. Then, within the course of a year or 

 two, there sprung up a great fishery which, with considerable fluctuations has continued 

 to the present day. The cause of these fluctuations has been closely investigated by Scan- 

 dinavian scientists, who have come to the conclusion, that the presence or absence of coastal 

 bank-water, coming from the North Sea, with certain characteristics of plankton and salinity, 

 determines the presence or absence of the herring. When this bank-water penetrates to 

 the shores of Bohuslän, there is a fishery there. It may be also, that the modes of fishing, 

 restricted as they are to the immediate neighbourhood of the shores, have something to 

 do with the fluctuations in the quantities of herring captured. The maximum period was 

 from 1890 to 1895, and of recent years the fishery has fallen off considerably. 



On the other hand, the drift-net fishery during autumn, which is considered quite 

 distinct from the other, has somewhat increased during recent years. Whether this is in 

 part due to the extension of the fishery into December, thus overlapping the great winter 

 herring fishery, so that the drift-nets now share in the catch of the winter herring, cannot 

 be determined from the statistics. 



The herring-fishery of Halland, which is included in the above table, is considerably 

 less than that of Bohus, but of recent years its value has remained above the average of 

 former years, being at present ca. 100,000 Kroner. This fishery, like the drift-net fishery 

 of Bohuslän, takes place in the autumn. 



As the quantities of herring captured are stated, it is possible to give the following table. 



It may be mentioned here, that the total value of the herring fishery in Sweden, i. e. 

 including, in addition to the above, the fisheries in the Sound, southern Baltic and the 

 «streamling» of the Baltic, so far as known, amounted in 1902 to 1,810,307 Kroner. 



This represents ca. 200 million herrings ^ During the period 1890—95 however, the 

 Bohuslän fishermen alone, must have annually taken as many herring several times. This 

 quantity does not represent either the total for all Sweden, as only for 2 (out of 13) of 

 the Baltic provinces are particulars forthcoming. 



The mackerel season begins early in May for the Kattegat and Skager Kak, and 

 drift-nets are then used. Later on in the summer, the fishing with "dorj" takes place in 

 the same regions, and the deep-sea fishing btjats also use this latter method off the west 



' The quantities are given in valar, kilogrammes, hectoliters and tons. Aiiproximations, based partly 

 on Dutch and English measurements, are: 



1 kUo. = 8 herring 



1 hectoliter = (JhO- 700 — = 80 kilo. 

 1 ton = 1000—1200 — = 100 kilo. 



1 val = 80 - 



